{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T18:06:07Z","timestamp":1772129167626,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]],"date-time":"2012-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nakaya Y, Shimode S, Kobayashi T, Imakawa K, Miyazawa T. Binding of transcription factor activating protein 2\u03b3 on the 5\u2032\u2010proximal promoter region of human porcine endogenous retrovirus subgroup A receptor 2\/GPR172B. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 177\u2013185. \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons A\/S.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract:\u2002Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Xenotransplantation is one of the solutions for the shortage of organ donors, and pigs have been considered to be the most suitable animal donors. Specific pathogen\u2010free pigs are utilized in the xenotransplantation; however, pigs have infectious gammaretroviruses, named porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in their genome. Of them, PERV\u2010A and PERV\u2010B can infect human cells in vitro and potentially induce diseases like other gammaretroviruses. The human cellular receptors for PERV\u2010A were identified and named human PERV\u2010A receptor (HuPAR)\u20101 and HuPAR\u20102 (also called as GPR172A and GPR172B, respectively). We have recently reported that <jats:italic>HuPAR\u20102<\/jats:italic> expression was regulated by epigenetic modification and preferentially expressed in placenta. However, the detailed mechanisms of <jats:italic>HuPAR\u20102<\/jats:italic> expression have not been fully characterized. In this study, we analyzed molecular mechanisms associated with <jats:italic>HuPAR\u20102<\/jats:italic> transcription through the identification of transcription factors that bind to the promoter region of <jats:italic>HuPAR\u20102<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In situ hybridization was performed to identify the cells expressing <jats:italic>HuPAR\u20102<\/jats:italic> in placental tissues. Transcriptional activities were measured by dual\u2010luciferase reporter assay using serial deletion mutants of <jats:italic>HuPAR\u20102<\/jats:italic> 5\u2032\u2010flanking region. To identify the transcription factors bound to the promoter region, in silico analysis, electrophoresis mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were conducted. The effect of the transcription factor transcription factor activator protein (TFAP)\u20102\u03b3 on the promoter activities was investigated by overexpression of the factor.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We identified that <jats:italic>HuPAR\u20102<\/jats:italic> was specifically expressed in villous trophoblast cells. We also identified that a region spanning from \u2212126 to \u221232 had proximal promoter activities and TFAP\u20102\u03b3 bound to a region spanning from \u221258 to \u221235 in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of TFAP\u20102\u03b3 also augmented the proximal promoter activity.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We demonstrated that TFAP\u20102\u03b3 is one of the transcription factors involved in the <jats:italic>HuPAR\u20102<\/jats:italic> expression in human villous trophoblast cells. By studying transcriptional factors involved in the expression of <jats:italic>HuPAR\u20102<\/jats:italic>, we may find a clue to control the potential risks caused by PERV\u2010A infection in xenotransplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2012.00701.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]],"date-time":"2012-06-15T15:04:14Z","timestamp":1339772654000},"page":"177-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Binding of transcription factor activating protein 2 \u03b3 on the 5\u2032\u2010proximal promoter region of human porcine endogenous retrovirus subgroup A receptor 2\/GPR172B"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nakaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayumi","family":"Shimode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Imakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2002.01110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.9986-9991.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0141-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910250514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.1.49-56.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1138025100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00019.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2010.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-10-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00318-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.083915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-5-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.128330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.122911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511344103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082765md"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01215-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.21082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019007108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2132646100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807413105"}],"container-title":["Xenotransplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1399-3089.2012.00701.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2012.00701.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T22:26:17Z","timestamp":1698704777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2012.00701.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2012.00701.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2012.00701.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0908-665X","1399-3089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0908-665X","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}