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Distinct clinical features of bipolar II disorder have been described. The key to diagnosis is the recognition of past hypomania, while depression is the typical presenting feature of the illness. This is responsible for a significant rate of missed diagnosis, and consequent management according to unipolar guidelines. It is unclear if bipolar II disorder is over\u2010represented amongst resistant depression populations and if abrupt offset of antidepressant action is a phenomenon over represented in bipolar II disorder, reflecting induction of predominantly depressive cycling. A few mood\u2010stabilizer studies available provide provisional suggestion of utility. A supportive role for psychosocial therapies is suggested, however, there is a sparsity of published studies specific to bipolar II disorder cohorts. A small number of short\u2010term antidepressant trials have suggested efficacy, however, compelling long\u2010term maintenance data is absent.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> An emerging literature on the specific clinical signature and management of the disorder exists, however, this is disproportionately small relative to the epidemiology and clinical significance of the disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2004.00152.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,14]],"date-time":"2005-01-14T10:34:10Z","timestamp":1105698850000},"page":"11-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Bipolar II disorder: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Berk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seetal","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"62","article-title":"The spectrum of mood disorders","volume":"51","author":"Lopez\u2010Ibor JJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"The bipolar spectrum: research and clinical perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Akiskal HS.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70093-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.1999.00614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)01421-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000284608"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00112-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n1013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00142-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.1.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199504000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.3.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.7.817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Sub\u2010types of bipolar affective disorder with particular regard to bipolar II","volume":"1","author":"Dunner DL.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychiatr Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","first-page":"523","article-title":"First clinical episode of bipolar disorders: a study within a population of bipolar I and bipolar II French patients","volume":"25","author":"Canceil O","year":"1999","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000285131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","first-page":"124","article-title":"Age of onset of affective illness","volume":"15","author":"Peselow ED","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.2.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","unstructured":"GershonES.Genetics in manic depressive illness. 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