{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T08:49:54Z","timestamp":1772354994401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A substantial portion of juvenile bipolar disorder (BD) has a comorbid attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of our study was to analyze the cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal implications of such comorbidity in children and adolescents with BD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Ninety\u2010eight refereed patients (mean age 13.7\u2003\u00b1\u20033.0 years) with a diagnosis of BD by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School\u2010Age Children, Present and Lifetime version (K\u2010SADS\u2010PL) were followed for 6\u2003months.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Thirty\u2010seven BD patients (37.8%) presented a lifetime diagnosis of comorbid ADHD. The mean age of onset of ADHD was 3.7\u2003\u00b1\u20031.1\u2003years, and the mean age of onset of BD was 10.0\u2003\u00b1\u20033.2\u2003years. Bipolar subjects with comorbid ADHD were predominantly male, younger, and had an earlier onset of BD (8.1\u2003\u00b1\u2003 2.8 versus 11.1\u2003\u00b1\u20032.9\u2003years). Bipolar\u2010ADHD patients presented more frequently a chronic rather than an episodic course of BD, with an irritable rather than an elated mood. They showed higher rates of oppositional defiant disorder\/conduct disorder, lower rates of panic disorder, and less frequently received antidepressant medications. Finally, ADHD comorbidity was associated with a greater psychosocial impairment.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> ADHD comorbidity is frequent in juvenile BD and can influence age of onset, phenomenology, comorbidity, and course of BD. A timely diagnosis should improve our efforts regarding the outcome of these subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00342.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T20:16:19Z","timestamp":1153253779000},"page":"373-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder \u2013 bipolar comorbidity in children and 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