{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:34:05Z","timestamp":1789526045115,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5p1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]],"date-time":"2006-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Approximate entropy (ApEn) measures regularity in time series data, while traditional linear statistics measure variability. Using self\u2010reported mood data from patients with bipolar disorder, this preliminary study addressed whether ApEn could distinguish (i) the 60\u2003days prior to the start of a manic or depressed episode from the 60\u2003days prior to a month of euthymia, and (ii) the 60\u2003days prior to a manic episode from the 60\u2003days prior to a depressed episode.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Self\u2010reported mood data from 49 outpatients with bipolar disorder receiving standard treatment were analysed. The data contained 27 episodes (12 manic and 15 depressed), and 43 periods of 1\u2003month of euthymia. For the 60\u2003days prior to episode or euthymia, the ApEn, linear statistics and the correlation between linear and non\u2010linear measures were calculated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    ApEn was significantly greater in the 60\u2003days prior to a manic or depressive episode than the 60\u2003days prior to a month of euthymia. The onset of an episode was associated with greater irregularity in mood. Variability was also significantly larger and correlated with ApEn. ApEn was significantly greater in the 60\u2003days prior to a manic episode than in the 60\u2003days prior to a depressed episode, whereas measures of variability were not significantly different. Mood in the 60\u2003days prior to mania was more irregular than prior to depression.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Non\u2010linear measures may complement traditional linear measures in the analysis of longitudinal data in bipolar disorder. A larger study is indicated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00373.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]],"date-time":"2006-10-18T02:14:03Z","timestamp":1161137643000},"page":"424-429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Approximate entropy of self\u2010reported mood prior to episodes in bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tasha","family":"Glenn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C","family":"Whybrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Rasgon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Grof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Alda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Baethge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950230061009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.5.714"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00307-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0764-4469(01)01377-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01619355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2003.00036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004220000158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/51.677174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199304000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00516-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2003.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1399-5618.2003.00085.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"350","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM\u2010IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810330031005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Using software to improve longitudinal studies: self\u2010reporting with ChronoRecord in bipolar disorder [Abstract]","volume":"423","author":"Trendelenburg M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.6.2297"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1994.266.4.H1643"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"R638","article-title":"Heart rate control in normal and aborted\u2010SIDS infants","volume":"264","author":"Pincus SM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1996.270.1.E107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(96)00027-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"741","article-title":"Quantification of hormone pulsatility via an approximate entropy algorithm","volume":"262","author":"Pincus SM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.2.688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00039-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199401120-00042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2667"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200105000-00002"}],"container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1399-5618.2006.00373.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00373.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T15:12:42Z","timestamp":1696864362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00373.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5p1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00373.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00373.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1398-5647","1399-5618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1398-5647","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-5618","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}