{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T15:41:35Z","timestamp":1771861295634,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,21]],"date-time":"2011-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":81,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Arnold LE, Demeter C, Mount K, Frazier TW, Youngstrom EA, Fristad M, Birmaher B, Findling RL, Horwitz SM, Kowatch R, Axelson DA. Pediatric bipolar spectrum disorder and ADHD: comparison and comorbidity in the LAMS clinical sample. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 509\u2013521. \u00a9 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons A\/S.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:bold> To compare attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSDs), and comorbidity in the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Children ages 6\u201312 were recruited at first visit to clinics associated with four universities. A BPSD diagnosis required that the patient exhibit episodes. Four hypotheses were tested: (i) children with BPSD + ADHD would have a younger age of mood symptom onset than those with BPSD but no ADHD; (ii) children with BPSD + ADHD would have more severe ADHD and BPSD symptoms than those with only one disorder; (iii) global functioning would be more impaired in children with ADHD + BPSD than in children with either diagnosis alone; and (iv) the ADHD + BPSD group would have more additional diagnoses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Of 707 children, 421 had ADHD alone, 45 had BPSD alone, 117 had both ADHD and BPSD, and 124 had neither. Comorbidity (16.5%) was slightly less than expected by chance (17.5%). Age of mood symptom onset was not different between the BPSD + ADHD group and the BPSD\u2010alone group. Symptom severity increased and global functioning decreased with comorbidity. Comorbidity with other disorders was highest for the ADHD + BPSD group, but higher for the ADHD\u2010alone than the BPSD\u2010alone group. Children with BPSD were four times as likely to be hospitalized (22%) as children with ADHD alone.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The high rate of BPSD in ADHD reported by some authors may be better explained as a high rate of both disorders in child outpatient settings rather than ADHD being a risk factor for BPSD. Co\u2010occurrence of the two disorders is associated with poorer global functioning, greater symptom severity, and more additional comorbidity than for either single disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00948.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,21]],"date-time":"2011-10-21T14:50:32Z","timestamp":1319208632000},"page":"509-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Pediatric bipolar spectrum disorder and ADHD: comparison and comorbidity in the LAMS clinical sample"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"L Eugene","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Demeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Mount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas 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