{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T23:01:18Z","timestamp":1769814078402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]],"date-time":"2012-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bipolar Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mac\u00eado DS, Medeiros CD, Cordeiro RC, Sousa FC, Santos JV, Morais TA, Hyphantis TN, McIntyre RS, Quevedo J, Carvalho AF. Effects of alpha\u2010lipoic acid in an animal model of mania induced by<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010amphetamine. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 707\u2013718. \u00a9 2012 The Authors. \u2028Journal compilation \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons A\/S<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:bold>Oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors are involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Alpha\u2010lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring compound with strong antioxidant properties. The present study investigated ALA effects in an amphetamine\u2010induced model of mania.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>In the<jats:italic>reversal protocol<\/jats:italic>, adult mice were first given<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010amphetamine (AMPH) 2\u2003mg\/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) or saline for 14\u2003days. Between days 8 and 14, the animals received ALA 50 or 100\u2003mg\/kg orally, lithium (Li) 47.5\u2003mg\/kg i.p., or saline. In the<jats:italic>prevention paradigm<\/jats:italic>, mice were pretreated with ALA, Li, or saline prior to AMPH. Locomotor activity was assessed in the open\u2010field task. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid\u2010reactive substance (TBARS) levels were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC), and striatum (ST). Brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured in the HC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>ALA and Li prevented and reversed the AMPH\u2010induced increase in locomotor activity.<jats:italic>Prevention model<\/jats:italic>: ALA and Li co\u2010administration with AMPH prevented the decrease in SOD activity induced by AMPH in the HC and ST, respectively; ALA and Li prevented GSH alteration in the HC and TBARS formation in all brain areas studied.<jats:italic>Reversal model<\/jats:italic>: ALA reversed the decrease in SOD activity in the ST. TBARS formation was reversed by ALA and Li in all brain areas. Furthermore, ALA reversed AMPH\u2010induced decreases in BDNF and GSH in the HC.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold>Our findings showed that ALA, similarly to Li, is effective in reversing and preventing AMPH\u2010induced behavioral and neurochemical alterations, providing a rationale for the design of clinical trials investigating ALA\u2019s possible antimanic effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2012.01046.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]],"date-time":"2012-08-17T10:27:45Z","timestamp":1345199265000},"page":"707-718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Effects of alpha\u2010lipoic acid in an animal model of mania induced by<scp>d<\/scp>\u2010amphetamine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Danielle S","family":"Mac\u00eado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila D","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaela C","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca Cl\u00e9a","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fania V","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thom\u00e1s A","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas N","family":"Hyphantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger S","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Quevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 F","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035354"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07492-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.3.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00377-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0195-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(96)00474-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000805"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.090083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2000.020305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.3.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fbp.0000205013.59455.09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462008000300011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"326","article-title":"Effects of lithium and valproate on amphetamine\u2010induced oxidative stress generation in an animal model of mania","volume":"31","author":"Frey BN","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.114.2952.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769109105221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","volume-title":"Lipoic Acid in Health and Disease","author":"Fuchs J. 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