{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T02:53:34Z","timestamp":1770432814390,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,30]],"date-time":"2008-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4077,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: There is a current interest in local anaesthetic drugs\/formulations exhibiting long durations of sensory block and minor motor\u2013blocking effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>: To compare the duration of sensory and motor blockade in peripheral nerve blocks induced by the new agents ropivacaine and levobupivacaine, with that of racemic bupivacaine and pethidine.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: Groups of 8 male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were subjected to infraorbital (IONB) or sciatic nerve block (SNB) employing 0.2 ml of differently concentrated solutions of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, ropivacaine or pethidine. The sensory blocking effect in IONB is expressed as (i) the time to elicitation of an abdominal jerk by electrical stimulation at arbitrarily chosen (threshold) intensities (IONB degree 3, 5, 8 and 10), and as (ii) the area under the curve (AUC, threshold intensities <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> time). The duration of motor block in SNB is given as the time from injection to regained ability to walk and grip normally with the toes. Comparisons of the dose\u2013effect relationships for the investigated agents were made by analysis of covariance.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: In IONB the log (dose)\u2013log (effect) lines for bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine did not deviate from parallelism. The duration of sensory block induced by equimolar doses of these agents was similar, although bupivacaine exerted more pronounced effects than levobupivacaine (AUC by 25%, P=0.001; IONB degree 3 by 14%, P=0.03). In SNB only the log (dose)\u2013log (duration) lines for bupivacaine <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> levobupivacaine were found not to deviate from parallelism, both agents exerting similar durations of action. The motor\u2013blocking effects of ropivacaine showed an inverse dose\u2013duration relationship (P=0.019).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: Equimolar doses of the investigated local anaesthetics exerted similar durations of sensory blockade in a peripheral nerve block model in the rat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04656.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T03:36:50Z","timestamp":1230781010000},"page":"1346-1352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The duration of action of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and pethidine in peripheral nerve block in the rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"DYHRE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"L\u00c5NG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"WALLIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"RENCK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01683.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00683.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"359","article-title":"Optical isomers of mepivacaine and bupivacaine","volume":"200","author":"Luduena FP","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1988.tb02788.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"322","article-title":"Skin blood flow after intradermal injection of ropivacaine in various concentrations with and without epinephrine evaluated by laserDoppler flowmetry","volume":"17","author":"Cederholm I","year":"1992","journal-title":"Reg Anesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"541","article-title":"Ueber den Einfluss der Vitalit\u00e4t der Gewebe auf die \u00d6rtlichen und allgemeine Giftwirkungen Localan\u00e4sthesirender Mittel und \u00fcber die Bedeutung des Adrenalins f\u00fcr die Localan\u00e4sthesie","volume":"69","author":"Braun H.","year":"1903","journal-title":"Arch F Klin Chir"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","volume-title":"Local anesthetics. Mechanisms of action and clinical use","author":"Covino BG","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"289","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of local anaesthetic agents","volume":"47","author":"Covino BG","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1992.tb03486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"138","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of localized administration of opioids compared with lidocaine","volume":"14","author":"Hassan HG","year":"1989","journal-title":"Reg Anesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1996.tb04392.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198867110-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/67.3.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"311","article-title":"Enantiomer\u2013specific effects of an intravenously administered arrhythmogenic dose of bupivacaine on neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius and the cardiovascular system in the anesthetized rat","volume":"17","author":"Denson DD","year":"1992","journal-title":"Reg Anesth"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"477","article-title":"Myocardial uptake of bupivacaine. 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