{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:00:13Z","timestamp":1761487213296},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,25]],"date-time":"2004-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Neuromuscular blockade should, for ethical reasons, not be allowed in animal experiments unless the use is strongly motivated. Beforehand, the anaesthetic protocol must be documented without muscle relaxation in the species studied. Documentation is difficult to obtain from the scientific literature. When focusing on cardiac function over time, in particular, the ideal anaesthetic protocol should cause no or minor alterations in cardiac variables.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We intended to document an anaesthetic protocol involving ventilation with N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O combined with loading doses and continuous infusions of pentobarbital, fentanyl and midazolam in seven pigs by applying potentially painful stimuli every 15\u2003min for 7\u2003h. Subsequently, left ventricular global and regional function was studied with conductance catheter and strain rate imaging by echocardiography in eight pigs with pancuronium included.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Pigs without pancuronium were completely immobilized and unresponsive to potentially painful stimuli and sternotomy, with no accumulation or degradation of anaesthetic agents. With pancuronium included, left ventricular preload gradually decreased together with reduction of cardiac index from 3.52\u2003\u00b1\u20030.14 at 2\u2003h to 2.84\u2003\u00b1\u20030.11\u2003L\u2003min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2003\u00b7\u2003m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> (\u00b1SEM) after 7\u2003h of observation. Preload recruitable stroke work decreased after 7\u2003h, whereas peak systolic strain in the anterior left ventricular wall and load\u2010independent indices of diastolic function were not significantly altered.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In specific experimental protocols, the anaesthetic protocol described could allow the use of muscular paralysis in young domestic pigs, for instance when involving hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00464.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]],"date-time":"2004-09-07T12:00:07Z","timestamp":1094558407000},"page":"1144-1154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An anaesthetic protocol in the young domestic pig allowing neuromuscular blockade for studies of cardiac function following cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Fannel\u00f8p","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. O.","family":"Dahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Matre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Segadal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Grong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199610000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08941938809141077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","unstructured":"EricssonAB.Cardioplegia and cardiac function evaluated by left ventricular pressure\u2010volume relations. Stockholm: Kongl Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet 2000.Dissertation."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01883-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00759-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00096-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(03)00672-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"H756","article-title":"Hypertonic saline method accurately determines parallel conductance for dual\u2010field conductance catheter","volume":"281","author":"Steenddijk P","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.70.5.812"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"357","article-title":"Calibration and application of the conductance catheter for ventricular volume measurement","volume":"11","author":"Baan J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Automedica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.47.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aef156"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1996.tb05569.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)13335-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30392-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"168","volume-title":"General Anaesthesia, Regional Analgesia and Intensive Therapy","author":"Atkinson RS","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/MN:25:2:167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2346.1999.00551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01107-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1053-0770(91)90324-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000081788.79516.CB"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","first-page":"III95","article-title":"Humoral immune response during coronary artery bypass grafting. A comparison of limited approach, \u2018off\u2010pump\u2019 technique, and conventional cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"102","author":"Diegeler A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.78.1.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1013081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2003.00084.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.2.H610"}],"container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1399-6576.2004.00464.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00464.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T12:50:16Z","timestamp":1697201416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00464.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00464.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00464.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5172","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-6576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]]}}}