{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T21:43:29Z","timestamp":1787694209967,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,25]],"date-time":"2004-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1098662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The oculocardiac reflex (OCR) may be activated during squint surgery. The aim of this study was to test whether rocuronium 0.4\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> could reduce the frequency of OCR, and also whether a single dose of succinylcholine 1\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> could affect the frequency of OCR during anesthesia with halothane in a nitrous oxide\/oxygen mixture.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 161 ASA I children, 3\u201310\u2003years old, undergoing elective surgery of the medial rectus muscle (MRM) were randomly assigned to three groups. Group R (n\u2003=\u200351), received 0.4\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of rocuronium intravenously before endotracheal intubation. Group S (n\u2003=\u200358) received 1\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of succinylcholine. Group C (controls, n\u2003=\u200352) received no relaxant. Oculocardiac reflex was defined as a reduction in heart rate (HR)\u2003&gt;=\u200315% and\/or the appearance of any other arrhythmias, during manipulation of the MRM. Analysis of variance (<jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc>), chi\u2010squared, Kruskal\u2013Wallis, and Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were used for statistical analysis; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20030.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> In group R, OCR occurred in 15\/51 (29%) of children, in group S in 31\/58 (53%), and in group C in 23\/52 (44%) (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u20036.46, <jats:italic>P\u2003=\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.049). In group R, the incidence of arrhythmias such as nodal rhythms, supraventricular and ventricular premature beats was 6%, compared with 22% in group S and 19% in group C (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u20036.01, <jats:italic>P\u2003=\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.040). However, there was no reduction in the occurrence of bradycardia (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u20030.16, <jats:italic>P\u2003=\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.924).,<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Rocuronium reduced the frequency of OCR, mainly by reducing the incidence of supraventricular and ventricular premature beats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00523.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,25]],"date-time":"2004-10-25T13:38:51Z","timestamp":1098711531000},"page":"1301-1305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Rocuronium attenuates oculocardiac reflex during squint surgery in children anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Karanovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Carev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kardum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Dogas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"2173","volume-title":"Anesthesia","author":"Donlon JV","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/78.6.642"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199509000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"473","article-title":"Asystole due to the oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery: a report of two cases","volume":"20","author":"Gold RS","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"The human heart rate response profiles to five vagal maneuvers","volume":"72","author":"Arnold RW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"1160","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the oculocardiac reflex by traction on human extraocular muscle","volume":"27","author":"Ohashi T","year":"1986","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03007858"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19970701-16","article-title":"Prolonged oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia","volume":"34","author":"Arnold RW","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.5.761"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200311000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"412","volume-title":"Anesthesia","author":"Savarese JJ","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/57.12.1209"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199107000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"96","volume-title":"Anesthesia","author":"Pagel PS","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200002000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05091.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1986.tb13125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","first-page":"356","article-title":"[Emesis and the oculocardiac reflex. 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