{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:27:35Z","timestamp":1776702455104,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]],"date-time":"2005-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1113523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is one of the most frequently used plasma substitutes. Some studies have indicated that HES may have anti\u2010inflammatory effects. The present <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> study was performed to investigate the effects of HES on hepatic production of cytokines and activation of transcription factors in sepsis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Adult male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: rats challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and treated with saline (64\u2003ml\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>); challenged with LPS (5\u2003mg\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and treated with HES (16\u2003ml\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>); injected with saline and treated with HES (16\u2003ml\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>); and saline control. Each hepatic tissue was collected in groups of rats 2\u2003h after induction of endotoxemia for determination of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1 levels, TNF\u2010\u03b1 mRNA expressions, and nuclear factor (NF)\u2010\u03baB, activator protein (AP)\u20101 activities or 3\u2003h after LPS challenge for IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, IL\u201010 levels and the mRNA expressions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Endotoxemia was associated with significant increases in hepatic proinflammatory cytokine productions and transcription factor activities. HES significantly reduced the increased hepatic levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108 and the mRNAs in the endotoxemic rats. Similarly, HES could inhibit hepatic NF\u2010\u03baB and AP\u20101 activations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The results suggest that in sepsis HES may down\u2010regulate hepatic inflammatory mediators production and these anti\u2010inflammatory effects may act through inhibition of NF\u2010\u03baB and AP\u20101 activations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00668.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]],"date-time":"2005-04-15T21:58:43Z","timestamp":1113602323000},"page":"635-642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of hydroxyethyl starch on hepatic production of cytokines and activation of transcription factors in lipopolysaccharide\u2010administered rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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