{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T12:56:44Z","timestamp":1761742604678},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,29]],"date-time":"2005-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Crystalloids are commonly used as priming solutions during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Consequently, hemodilution is a regular occurrence at the start of a CPB. This study describes the time\u2010course variations of hemodynamic parameters, plasma volume (PV) and fluid exchange following crystalloid hemodilution at start of normothermic CPB.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Forty\u2010five anesthetized piglets were given 60\u2010min normothermic CPB. Ringer's solution was used as priming solution and maintenance fluid. Fluid input\/losses, PV, colloid osmotic pressures (plasma\/interstitium), hematocrit, and s\u2010proteins were measured, and fluid extravasation rates (FER) and intravascular protein\u2010masses calculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Start of CPB resulted in a 25\u201330% hemodilution. To keep the fluid level of the CPB\u2010reservoir constant after start of bypass, fluid addition [2.08\u2003\u00b1\u20030.36 (mean\u2003\u00b1\u2003SEM) ml\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2003min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>] was necessary during the first 5\u2003min. Thereafter the fluid needs to be leveled off [0.17\u2003\u00b1\u20030.03\u2003ml\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2003min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (10\u201360\u2003min), <jats:italic>P\u2003&lt;\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.001]. Fluid extravasation rate increased immediately following hemodilution from a baseline value of 0.08\u2003\u00b1\u20030.01 to 1.75\u2003\u00b1\u20030.34\u2003ml\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2003min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> with a delayed decrease compared to fluid additions, to reach a \u2018steady\u2010state\u2019 level of 0.22\u2003\u00b1\u20030.03\u2003ml\u2003kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u2003min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> after 30\u2003min (<jats:italic>P\u2003&lt;\u2003<\/jats:italic>0.001). Differences in time\u2010course variations between fluid added and fluid extravasated were accompanied by changes in PV and mean arterial pressure. The colloid osmotic gradient decreased about 50% throughout the study and could partly explain the increased FER.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Acute crystalloid hemodilution contributes to fluid overload during normothermic CPB. The resulting increase in fluid extravasation is, however, moderate, short\u2010lived and levels off to baseline values within 30\u2003min.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00743.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,26]],"date-time":"2005-07-26T18:54:33Z","timestamp":1122404073000},"page":"949-955","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Fluid shift is moderate and short\u2010lived during acute crystalloid hemodilution and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in piglets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Farstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Haugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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