{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T04:16:21Z","timestamp":1776485781872,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,15]],"date-time":"2005-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1124064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Sufficient cardiac pre\u2010load for maintaining adequate cardiac output is a major goal in the treatment of critically ill patients. We studied the effects of increasing cardiac output by fluid loading on the indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (ICG\u2010PDR) and gastric mucosal regional CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> tension (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub><jats:sc>co<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) as an indicator of splanchnic microcirculation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> With approval by our ethics committee and written consent, we studied post\u2010operatively 12 patients (1 female, 11 males; 66\u2003\u00b1\u200313\u2003years) with elective coronary artery bypass grafting (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200310) or aortic valve replacement (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20032). All patients had received pulmonary artery and left atrial catheterization previously for clinical indications. Cardiac output and filling pressures were measured immediately after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 1\u2003h after the beginning of fluid loading.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Overall, 630\u2003\u00b1\u2003130\u2003ml of 6% hydroxyethylstarch (130\u2003kDa) was infused with the splanchnic perfusion pressure remaining constant. Norepinephrine and epinephrine dosages were unchanged. The cardiac index increased significantly from 2.8\u2003\u00b1\u20030.7 to 3.5\u2003\u00b1\u20030.6\u2003l\/min\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and the stroke volume index from 30\u2003\u00b1\u20037 to 38\u2003\u00b1\u20038\u2003ml\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. ICG\u2010PDR showed no significant change, i.e. from 21.2\u2003\u00b1\u20036.5 to 21.6\u2003\u00b1\u20036.5%\/min. Gastric mucosal <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub><jats:sc>co<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and the <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sc>co<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> gap (difference between regional and end\u2010tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> tension) were constant, i.e. changed from 5.1\u2003\u00b1\u20030.8 to 5.5\u2003\u00b1\u20031.1\u2003kPa and from 0.9\u2003\u00b1\u20030.5 to 1.0\u2003\u00b1\u20030.7\u2003kPa, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Increasing cardiac output to supranormal values by fluid loading is not associated with a significant change in ICG\u2010PDR or gastric mucosal <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub><jats:sc>co<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00834.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,2]],"date-time":"2005-09-02T16:48:53Z","timestamp":1125679733000},"page":"1280-1286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Increasing cardiac output by fluid loading: effects on indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate and splanchnic microcirculation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Thuemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Schelenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Van Hout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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