{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T16:56:18Z","timestamp":1758473778478,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,2]],"date-time":"2005-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>Several studies have shown beneficial effects of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on organ damage in the treatment of severe inflammatory situations, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB) activation is known to contribute to many aspects of inflammatory injury and organ dysfunction in critical illness, and tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) is considered the most important pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine. The present study was undertaken to test whether HES (200\/0.5) has some effects on tissue NF\u2010\u03baB activity and systemic TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in order to define a possible mechanism of the beneficial effects of HES.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold>Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups treated with saline, lipopolysaccaride (LPS, 6\u2003mg\/kg), LPS plus HES (3.75, 7.5, 15, 30\u2003ml\/kg), or HES (30\u2003ml\/kg) alone. Two hours after LPS challenge, NF\u2010\u03baB activation in the lungs, hearts, livers, and kidneys were examined with an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Four hours after LPS challenge, plasma TNF\u2010\u03b1 concentrations were measured using an enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbance assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold>3.75 and 7.5\u2003ml\/kg HES suppressed LPS\u2010induced NF\u2010\u03baB activation in the four tissues and decreased plasma TNF\u2010\u03b1 elevation. The effects of 15\u2003ml\/kg HES was only significant in inhibiting NF\u2010\u03baB activity in the lung and liver. No effect of 30\u2003ml\/kg HES was revealed in all the cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold>Lower doses of HES may inhibit tissue NF\u2010\u03baB activation and systemic TNF\u2010\u03b1 elevation after LPS challenge, which might be helpful during sepsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00849.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,2]],"date-time":"2005-09-02T16:48:53Z","timestamp":1125679733000},"page":"1311-1317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Influence of hydroxyethyl starch on lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced tissue nuclear factor kappa B activation and systemic TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. 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