{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:35:30Z","timestamp":1761237330837},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]],"date-time":"2006-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Spontaneous Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010oscillations are a possible mechanism of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010mediated signal transduction in neurons. They develop by a periodical interplay of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, which enters the neuron from the extracellular medium and triggers Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010oscillations are terminated by reuptake into the ER or plasmalemmal extrusion. Spontaneous Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010oscillations are glutamate dependent and appear to be responsible for neuronal plasticity and integration of information. Here, we examined the role of the gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>) receptor on spontaneous Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010oscillations and studied the effects of the anaesthetics midazolam, thiopental and the non\u2010anesthetic barbituric acid on spontaneous Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010oscillations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Hippocampal neuronal cell cultures of 19\u2010day\u2010old embryonic Wistar rats 17\u201318 days in culture were loaded with the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010sensitive dye Fura\u20102AM. Experiments were performed using dual wave\u2010length excitation fluorescence microscopy and calibration constants were obtained from <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> calibration.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Spontaneous Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010oscillations are influenced by the GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor. The intravenous anaesthetics midazolam and thiopental suppressed the amplitude and frequency reversibly in a dose\u2010dependent manner with EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> in clinically relevant concentrations. This effect was mediated via the GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor as it could be reversed by the GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist bicuculline. In contrast, the application of barbituric acid had no effects on the spontaneous Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010oscillations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Spontaneous Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010oscillations are influenced by the GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor. Spontaneous Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010oscillations might represent an interesting model system to study anaesthetic mechanisms on neuronal information processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01031.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]],"date-time":"2006-06-26T11:30:52Z","timestamp":1151321452000},"page":"742-748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["GABAmimetic intravenous anaesthetics inhibit spontaneous Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>\u2010oscillations in cultured hippocampal neurons"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Sinner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Zink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. H. A.","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. M.","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/367607a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.17.030194.003033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00440.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.219bu.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000150946.18875.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.049015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90594-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4160(93)90006-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)83641-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00585-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16927"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00927.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/74823","article-title":"Large\u2010scale oscillatory calcium waves in the immature cortex","volume":"5","author":"Garaschuk O","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8899","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-22-08895.2001","article-title":"Synchronous oscillatory activity in immature cortical network is driven by GABAergic preplate neurons","volume":"21","author":"Voigt T","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(98)00188-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702744"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199808000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199707280-00042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-002-0590-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90042-7"}],"container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1399-6576.2006.01031.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01031.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T04:07:40Z","timestamp":1696910860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01031.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01031.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01031.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5172","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-6576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]]}}}