{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T13:43:06Z","timestamp":1778074986594,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]],"date-time":"2006-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Renal cell apoptosis contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. Anesthetic agents have been shown to modulate apoptotic signal transduction in various tissues. We examined the effects of 6 h of different general anesthetic techniques on renal cell apoptosis in rat kidneys.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Twenty\u2010one male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: (i) control, non\u2010anesthetized rats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 3) and rats anesthetized with (ii) inhaled isoflurane (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 6), (iii) intraperitoneal pentobarbital (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 6), and (iv) intraperitoneal urethane (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 6). Animals were sacrificed 6 h after the induction of anesthesia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase\u2010fluorescein end\u2010labeling analysis. RNA was extracted from the left kidney to probe cDNA microarrays. Gene expression was measured as a percentage of glyceraldehyde 3\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and subsequently confirmed using reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR). Compared with the control (no anesthesia), urethane significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) induced apoptosis in both the renal cortex and medulla. Isoflurane significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) inhibited apoptosis in the medulla. Microarray analysis revealed that urethane up\u2010regulated more (74) genes than pentobarbital (16) and isoflurane (10). Isoflurane down\u2010regulated more genes (85) than pentobarbital (74) and urethane (12). These anesthetic\u2010induced modulations were significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) for 60 isoflurane\u2010, 30 pentobarbital\u2010 and 4 urethane\u2010modulated genes.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Our results suggest that general anesthetic drugs have an effect on renal cell apoptosis and apoptotic signal transduction, and thus may potentially affect the risk of subsequent acute renal failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01102.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]],"date-time":"2006-09-15T14:55:27Z","timestamp":1158332127000},"page":"1229-1237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effects of isoflurane, pentobarbital, and urethane on apoptosis and apoptotic signal transduction in rat kidney"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Aravindan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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