{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T10:47:01Z","timestamp":1794307621612,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,13]],"date-time":"2008-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1205366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background: <\/jats:bold> Pre\u2010operative fasting is assumed to cause a deficit in intravascular blood volume (BV), as a result of ongoing urine production and insensible perspiration. Standard regimes consist of volume loading prior or simultaneous to any anaesthetic procedure to minimise the risk of hypotension. However, fluid overload in the context of major abdominal surgery has been shown to deteriorate patient outcome. Our study aimed to quantify total intravascular BV after fasting by direct measurements and to compare it with calculated normal values in comparable non\u2010fasted patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods: <\/jats:bold> After 10\u2003h of fasting, total plasma volume (PV) and red cell volume (RCV) were measured via the double\u2010label technique (indocyanine green dilution and erythrocytes labelled with fluorescein, respectively) following induction of general anaesthesia in 53 gynaecological patients suffering from malignoma of the cervix. The corresponding normal values were calculated individually from age, body height and body weight.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results: <\/jats:bold> Measured BV, RCV and PV after fasting were 4123\u00b1589, 1244\u00b1196 and 2879\u00b1496\u2003ml, respectively. The differences to the corresponding calculated normal values were not significant (3882\u00b1366, 1474\u00b1134 and 2413\u00b1232\u2003ml, respectively). The measured haematocrit reflected a slight anaemic state (0.35\u00b10.03).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion: <\/jats:bold> Our data suggest that even after prolonged pre\u2010operative fasting, cardio\u2010pulmonary healthy patients remain intravascularly normovolaemic. Therefore, hypotension associated with induction of general or neuraxial anaesthesia should perhaps be treated with moderate doses of vasopressors rather than with undifferentiated volume loading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01587.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,15]],"date-time":"2009-01-15T21:43:41Z","timestamp":1232055821000},"page":"522-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Blood volume is normal after pre\u2010operative overnight 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