{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:37:10Z","timestamp":1791293830354,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>Ischemic pre\u2010 or post\u2010conditioning of the heart has been shown to involve opioid receptors. Remifentanil, an ultra\u2010short\u2010acting selective \u03bc opioid receptor agonist in clinical use, pre\u2010conditions the rat heart against ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury. This study investigates whether remifentanil post\u2010conditioning is also cardioprotective.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>Remifentanil post\u2010conditioning (5\u2010min infusion at 1, 5, 10 or 20\u2003\u03bcg\/kg\/min) or ischemic post\u2010conditioning (three cycles of a 10\u2003s reperfusion interspersed with a 10\u2003s ischemia) was induced in an open\u2010chest rat heart model of ischemia and reperfusion injury, in the presence or absence of nor\u2010binaltorphimine, naltrindole or CTOP, specific \u03ba, \u03b4 and \u03bc opioid receptor antagonists, respectively. The same sequence of experiments was repeated in the isolated heart model using the maximal protective dose of remifentanil from the dose\u2013response studies.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Both ischemic and remifentanil post\u2010conditioning reduced the myocardial infarct size relative to the control group in both models. This cardioprotective effect for both post\u2010conditioning regimes was prevented by the prior administration of nor\u2010binaltorphimine and naltrindole but not CTOP. The sole administration of the antagonists had no effect on the size of myocardial infarction.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>These results indicate that remifentanil post\u2010conditioning protects the heart from ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury to a similar extent as of ischemic post\u2010conditioning. This protection involves \u03ba and \u03b4 but not \u03bc opioid receptor activation. This drug has great potential as a clinical post\u2010conditioning modality as it can be given in large doses without prolonged opioid\u2010related side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02145.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T12:57:12Z","timestamp":1256821032000},"page":"510-518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Remifentanil post\u2010conditioning attenuates cardiac ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury via \u03ba or \u03b4 opioid receptor activation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"G. T. C.","family":"WONG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"LI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. L.","family":"JIANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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