{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T17:27:28Z","timestamp":1748280448428},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]],"date-time":"2011-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Addiction is a feared complication of long\u2010term opioid therapy for chronic pain patients. A screening tool to assess the potential risk of addiction may be helpful.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The P<\/jats:styled-content>ain M<\/jats:styled-content>edication Q<\/jats:styled-content>uestionnaire (PMQ<\/jats:styled-content>) was translated into D<\/jats:styled-content>anish by a \u2018forward\u2019 and \u2018backward\u2019 translation procedure. Patients with chronic non\u2010cancer pain and cancer pain treated at a tertiary pain center were screened for addiction using P<\/jats:styled-content>ortenoy's criteria and invited to answer the D<\/jats:styled-content>anish version of the PMQ<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Two hundred nine patients participated in the study. PMQ<\/jats:styled-content> was able to discriminate between addicted and non\u2010addicted patients. Patients with high PMQ<\/jats:styled-content> scores indicating a risk of addiction drank more alcohol, smoked more tobacco, used higher doses of morphine, had a higher anxiety and depression score, and had poorer mental health. Using a cut\u2010off score of 22, the PMQ<\/jats:styled-content> had a sensitivity of 82%, but the specificity at this cut\u2010point was 56%, indicating a risk of false positive cases. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed by correlation with opioid doses, alcohol and tobacco use, anxiety and depression scores, and inverse correlation with mental health and social role. Test\u2013retest showed a very strong correlation. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was 0.61. Ten components were found to have eigenvalues above 1.0, confirming the multidimensional structure of the questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The PMQ<\/jats:styled-content> may assist physicians in addiction risk assessment and stratification when treating chronic pain patients with opioids. PMQ<\/jats:styled-content> is not a diagnostic tool and should only be used as an indicator for possible addiction problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02523.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,28]],"date-time":"2011-09-28T02:29:54Z","timestamp":1317176994000},"page":"1231-1238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Validation and usefulness of the D<\/scp>anish version of the P<\/scp>ain M<\/scp>edication Q<\/scp>uestionnaire in opioid\u2010treated chronic pain patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"H\u00d8JSTED","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Pain Centre Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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