{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:58:31Z","timestamp":1775642311898,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a study comparing two short\u2010acting local anesthetics lidocaine and 2\u2010chloroprocaine in combination with fentanyl, to provide selective spinal anesthesia for outpatient transurethral resection of the prostate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TURP<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this prospective, randomized double\u2010blind study, selective spinal anesthesia was performed in 40 American Society of Anesthesiologists <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I\u2010III<\/jats:styled-content> outpatients undergoing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TURP<\/jats:styled-content> using either 40\u2009mg of chloroprocaine mixed with 12.5\u2009\u03bcg of fentanyl (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u200920) or 35\u2009mg of lidocaine mixed with 12.5\u2009\u03bcg of fentanyl (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>\u2009=\u200920). The primary outcome was duration of spinal block. Secondary outcomes were time to reach <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>10 (onset), time to maximal level, duration above <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>10 and lidocaine 3, maximal level of block, and adverse effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median (minimum, maximum) onset time was 4 (1, 16) and 3 (2, 10) min for chloroprocaine and lidocaine, respectively. Time to maximal level was 20 (17, 29) and 22 (16, 26) min for chloroprocaine and lidocaine, respectively. Mean maximal level was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>7\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>8 for both agents. Duration of block above <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>10 was 54 (28, 88) and 63 (31, 87) min for chloroprocaine and lidocaine, respectively. Duration of block above lidocaine 3 was 93 (56, 218) and 98 (58, 151) min for chloroprocaine and lidocaine, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with respect to these clinical end points. Four patients in the lidocaine group developed transient neurological symptoms. One patient in the chloroprocaine group developed a cauda equina\u2010like syndrome but recovered fully after several weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Selective spinal anesthesia with chloroprocaine and lidocaine for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TURP<\/jats:styled-content> yielded comparable results for clinical characteristics. Further research on transient neurological symptom and cauda equina risk with chloroprocaine is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02599.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T14:26:12Z","timestamp":1326291972000},"page":"217-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Selective spinal anesthesia for outpatient transurethral prostatectomy (<scp>TURP<\/scp>): randomized controlled comparison of chloroprocaine with lidocaine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"VAGHADIA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"NEILSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. H.","family":"LENNOX","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200104000-00040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199810000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/86.4.570"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200203000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000139351.40608.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003006.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000258766.73612.d8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02325.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199311000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000093228.61443.EE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2008.01639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199609000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03019758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199701000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03011588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199310000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-199504000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"553","article-title":"Spinal 2\u2010chloroprocaine for surgery: an initial 10\u2010month experience","volume":"99","author":"Yoos JR","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198006000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198404000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"The chloroprocaine controversy","volume":"9","author":"Gissen A","year":"1984","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31821e6503"}],"container-title":["Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1399-6576.2011.02599.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02599.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T15:39:24Z","timestamp":1695483564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02599.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02599.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02599.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5172","1399-6576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5172","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-6576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]]}}}