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Experimental work conducted on primates suggests that greater ossification of the symphysis is a response to increased recruitment of the balancing\u2010side (i.e. nonchewing side) jaw\u2010adductor muscles during forceful unilateral biting and chewing, with increased fusion strengthening the symphysis against correspondingly elevated joint stresses. It is thus expected that species with diets composed primarily of foods that require high\u2010magnitude bite forces and\/or repetitive loading to process will be characterized by greater degrees of symphyseal ossification than species with relatively easy\u2010to\u2010process diets (i.e. food items typified by low toughness and\/or low stiffness). However, comparative support for this idea is limited. We tested this hypothesis in four dietarily diverse mammalian clades characterized by variation in symphyseal fusion \u2013 the Strepsirrhini, Marsupialia, Feliformia, and Caniformia. We scored fusion in adult specimens of 292 species, assigned each to a dietary category based on literature accounts, and tested for an association between these two variables using Pagel\u2019s test for the correlated evolution of binary characters. Results indicate that greater fusion is associated with diets composed of resistant items in strepsirrhines, marsupials, and feliforms, providing some support for the hypothesis. However, no such relationship was detected in caniforms, suggesting that factors other than dietary mechanical properties influence symphyseal ossification. Future work should focus on such factors, as well as those that favour an unfused mandibular symphysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2012.02457.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,23]],"date-time":"2012-01-23T11:44:32Z","timestamp":1327319072000},"page":"661-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The adaptive significance of mandibular symphyseal fusion in mammals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"J. E.","family":"SCOTT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"HOGUE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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