{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:23:18Z","timestamp":1758709398001},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]],"date-time":"2006-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold> Conformational viral proteins potentially play an important role in the immunobiology of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and may enable earlier antibody detection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> HCV RNA was detected using nucleic acid testing. Early antibody production was evaluated using three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) containing antigenic proteins not present in licensed EIAs. Respectively, these contained:<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>multiple\u2010epitope fusion antigen (MEFA) 7\u00b71\u2010NS3\/4a,<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>F and Core, and<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>E1\/E2 proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p>NS3\/4a is a conformational antigen retaining protease and helicase enzymatic activities. MEFA 7\u00b71 contains the linear epitopes used in licenced EIAs, including the latest EIA\u20103\u00b70, in combination with genotype 1\u20133 specific epitopes. Forty\u2010two RNA positive, EIA\u20103\u00b70 negative samples, including two persistently serosilent cases, were used to evaluate these research EIAs. As controls, 54 EIA\u20103\u00b70 negative\/RNA negative and three HCV RNA+\/antibody positive specimens were included.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> Only the MEFA 7\u00b71\u2010NS3\/4a EIA was positive in seven (17%) of the 42 HCV RNA + specimens, in all three EIA\u20103\u00b70 positive controls but in none of 54 EIA\u20103\u00b70 negative\/HCV RNA negative controls. Notably, six of the seven (86%) specimens had evidence of active hepatitis (ALT\u00a0&gt;\u00a0210\u00a0IU\/l). The two serosilent cases were research EIA negative.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> A novel EIA with conformational and linear epitopes detected HCV antibodies in 17% of viraemic specimens missed by the standard reference EIA\u20103\u00b70. Our research EIA appears to detect HCV antibodies closer to the initiation of acute hepatitis. Given that the average RNA\u2010positive, antibody\u2010negative window period is \u223c56\u00b74\u00a0days, this 17% yield would translate into a \u223c10\u2010day earlier detection of antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2006.00856.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,27]],"date-time":"2006-11-27T09:13:38Z","timestamp":1164618818000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antibodies to a novel antigen in acute hepatitis C virus infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"L. H.","family":"Tobler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Stramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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