{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:00:35Z","timestamp":1790834435980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]],"date-time":"2012-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Objectives\u2002<\/jats:bold> In October 2005, individual donation nucleic acid amplification testing (ID\u2010NAT) for HIV, HBV and HCV was introduced in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. After 5\u2003years, the impact on HIV, HBV and HCV transmission risk was assessed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Materials and Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold> A total of 649\u2003745 donations were tested by ID\u2010NAT using the Ultrio assay on the Tigris instrument (Novartis Diagnostics) and for anti\u2010HIV, HBsAg and anti\u2010HCV (Abbott Prism). Initial reactive samples were repeated in duplicate. Discrepant repeat reactive samples were subjected to confirmatory assays. ID\u2010NAT nonrepeat reactive donations were further screened for occult HBV infection (OBI) by anti\u2010HBc assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold> ID\u2010NAT yielded 6 HIV\u2010RNA\u2010positive donations in the anti\u2010HIV\u2010negative window period (WP) but only 2 were p24 Ag nonreactive (1:325\u2003000). Mathematical modelling estimated a similar HIV transmission risk for lapsed and repeat donations, in the order of 3 per million. The WP risk for HBV was 13 per million. Eight acute (1:81\u2003000) and 13 chronic OBI yield cases (1:50\u2003000) were interdicted. There were significantly more anti\u2010HBc\u2010positive donors in the Ultrio initial reactive\/nonrepeat reactive group (12%) than in an Ultrio nonreactive control group (6%).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2002<\/jats:bold> ID\u2010NAT in the Western Cape Province of South Africa has contributed significantly to enhancing blood safety, particularly for HBV transmission risk and to a lesser extent for HIV. Anti\u2010HBc testing of NAT nonrepeat reactive donations seems useful in identifying a subgroup of donors with OBI who may be at risk of transmitting HBV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2012.01640.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]],"date-time":"2012-08-28T06:09:02Z","timestamp":1346134142000},"page":"93-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Reduction of the risk of transfusion\u2010transmitted viral infection by nucleic acid amplification testing in the Western Cape of South Africa: a 5\u2010year review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Cable","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Lelie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","volume-title":"South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey 2008: A Turning Tide Among Teenagers?","author":"Shisana O","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.5.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.5.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22879"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02804.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2004.04215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02423-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21320"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02732.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02110.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"The effect of change in testing strategy and increasing the black donor base on the HIV window period transmission risk in South Africa: a 5\u2003year analysis","volume":"101","author":"Vermeulen M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2824.2011.01492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.1.26"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","first-page":"3D","article-title":"Minipool NAT HIV\u2010breakthrough transmission case and probability of interdiction by current small pool or individual NAT screening systems","volume":"96","author":"Kleinman SH","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20963"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.1.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02176.x"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1423-0410.2012.01640.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2012.01640.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T11:01:07Z","timestamp":1697281267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2012.01640.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2012.01640.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2012.01640.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]}}}