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Because plants attract their pollinators with the help of various floral cues, such as floral odour and\/or optical cues, we have investigated the role of olfactory and visual floral signals responsible for wasp attraction in <jats:italic>S.\u00a0umbrosa<\/jats:italic>. Using a combination of chemical (GC, GC\u2010MS) and electrophysiological analyses (GC\u2010EAD), we identified ten compounds in the complex floral odour bouquet that are detectable by the wasps\u2019 antennae. As in the wasp\u2010flower <jats:italic>Epipactis helleborine<\/jats:italic>, we found so\u2010called \u2018green leaf volatiles\u2019 (GLVs) in the floral odour; these GLVs are highly attractive to the wasps. GLVs, mostly six\u2010carbon aldehydes, alcohols and acetates, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are emitted by many plants infested with herbivores, <jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic> caterpillars. In contrast to other investigated wasp\u2010flowers, behavioural experiments have demonstrated that, in addition to the floral odour of <jats:italic>S.\u00a0umbrosa<\/jats:italic>, visual cues are involved in pollinator attraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.2011.00525.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,20]],"date-time":"2011-12-20T20:26:57Z","timestamp":1324412817000},"page":"500-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pollinator attraction of the wasp\u2010flower <i>Scrophularia umbrosa<\/i> 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