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Heterologous expression of <jats:italic>ath\u2010miR396a<\/jats:italic> has been reported in tobacco and resulted in reduction of the expression of three <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>t<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> genes. In this study, the precursor of the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>opulus trichocarpa ptc\u2010miR396c<\/jats:italic>, with a mature sequence identical to <jats:italic>ath\u2010miR396b<\/jats:italic>, was expressed under control of the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MV<\/jats:styled-content>35S<\/jats:italic> promoter in tobacco. Typical phenotypes of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> down\u2010regulation were observed, including cotyledon fusion and lack of shoot apical meristem (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAM<\/jats:styled-content>). At later stage of growth, transgenic plants had delayed development and altered specification of organ type during flower development. The third and fourth whorls of floral organs were modified into stigmatoid anthers and fasciated carpels, respectively. Several <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>t<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> genes containing a <jats:italic>miR396<\/jats:italic> binding site were found to be down\u2010regulated, and the cleavage of their corresponding m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> at the <jats:italic>miR396<\/jats:italic> binding site was confirmed for two of them using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RACE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> analysis. The data obtained agree with the functional conservation of the <jats:italic>miR396<\/jats:italic> family in plants and suggest a role for the miR396\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRF<\/jats:styled-content> network in determination of floral organ specification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.2012.00696.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,23]],"date-time":"2012-11-23T00:43:31Z","timestamp":1353631411000},"page":"892-898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["A role for the miR396\/<scp>GRF<\/scp> network in specification of organ type during flower development, as supported by ectopic expression of <i><scp>P<\/scp>opulus trichocarpa miR396c<\/i> in transgenic tobacco"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Baucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biotechnologie V\u00e9g\u00e9tale Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Moussawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biotechnologie V\u00e9g\u00e9tale Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. 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