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Apart from the two supernumerary hind limbs, the anatomical dissection revealed additional hindgut alterations: three uniform\u2010sized caeca flanked the ileum, and the rectum branched into paired cloacae. The supernumerary hind limbs were localized caudal to the normal hind limbs in an inverted position and were attached to pelvic girdle elements and to a curtate pygostyle. They featured a prominent unpaired femur besides paired tibiotarsi, tarsometatarsi and species\u2010specific phalanges of the toes. Additionally, two separate bones attached to the caudoventral aspect of the regular hip bones were developed. The supernumerary limbs were in part mobile and received nerve and vascular supply. Digital 3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010reconstruction based on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> datasets revealed the osseous components of the malformed body parts. The possible morphogenesis including an in\u2010depth literature review and the clinical implications of the reported malformations are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2011.01130.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]],"date-time":"2012-01-18T07:36:42Z","timestamp":1326872202000},"page":"262-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Polymelous Layer Chick Displaying Additional Malformations of the Hind Gut: Case Report and In\u2010Depth Review of Related Literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"R. 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