{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:29:49Z","timestamp":1791268189707,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,17]],"date-time":"2004-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1079481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of these experiments was to investigate the potential antiviral effect of <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucan on the pneumonia induced by swine influenza virus (SIV). Forty colostrum\u2010deprived 5\u2010day\u2010old piglets were randomly divided into four groups of 10. The 20 pigs in groups 1 and 2 were administered <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucan orally (50\u2003mg\/day\/pig; En\u2010Bio Technology Co., Ltd) for 3\u2003days before SIV infection and those in groups 3 and 4 were given culture medium\/diluent alone. Groups 1 and 3 were inoculated intranasally with 3\u2003ml of tissue culture fluid containing 2\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>)\/ml of SIV and those in groups 2 and 4 were exposed in the same manner to uninfected cell culture supernatant. The microscopic lung lesions induced by SIV infection (group 1 pigs) were significantly more severe than those induced by infection in animals pre\u2010administered <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucan (group 3) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). Significantly more SIV nucleic acid was detected in the lungs of pigs experimentally infected with SIV only (group 1) at 5, 7 and 10\u2003days post\u2010inoculation (dpi) compared with lungs from pigs pre\u2010administered <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). The concentrations of interferon\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic> (IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>) and nitric oxide (NO) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pigs pre\u2010administered <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) were significantly higher than for any other group at 7 and 10\u2003dpi for IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>, and at 5, 7 and 10\u2003dpi for NO (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucan reduced the pulmonary lesion score and viral replication rate in SIV\u2010infected pigs. These findings support the potential application of <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010glucan as prophylactic\/treatment agent in influenza virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2004.00732.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,17]],"date-time":"2004-03-17T14:03:04Z","timestamp":1079532184000},"page":"72-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Antiviral Effect of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/i><i>\u03b2<\/i>\u2010glucan to Swine Influenza Virus by Increased Production of Interferon\u2010<i>\u03b3<\/i> and Nitric Oxide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010K.","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. U.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.\u2010W.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. K.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.9.3587-3594.1995","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokine expression in swine experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae","volume":"63","author":"Baarsch M. J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. 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