{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:05:50Z","timestamp":1790899550990,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,30]],"date-time":"2006-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of thermophilic <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> infections in humans, chickens and crows was determined in a cross\u2010sectional study that was carried out in urban and rural areas of Morogoro region, Tanzania during the period of January 2003 to December 2004. A total of 632 human stool samples, 536 cloacal swabs from local and broiler chickens and 22 intestinal contents from crows were screened for presence of thermophilic campylobacters using Skirrow's protocol. Representative <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic> isolates from human and chicken samples were also analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a definitive identification method. The overall prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters was 9.3% (95% CI: 7.2\u201311.9), 69.8% (95% CI: 65.7\u201373.6) and 72.7% (95% CI: 49.8\u201389.3) in humans, chickens and crows respectively. In humans, 59 thermophilic campylobacters were isolated of which 96.6% were <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> and 3.4%<jats:italic>Campylobacter coli<\/jats:italic>. There was a significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001) higher prevalence in young individuals (16%) than in adults (7%). Of 341 isolates from chickens, 91.2% were <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> and 8.8% were <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>. A significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) higher infection rate was observed in rural local chicken (76%) than in broilers (60%). In crows, of 16 isolates, 93.8% were <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> and 6.2% were <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>. Definitive identification of <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> by PCR revealed positive results in 74.1% of 243 analysed isolates. Findings in this study indicate high prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters in humans, chickens and crows in Morogoro, and a higher infection rate of <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic> than that of <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic> in different animal species. Age of humans and location of chickens were identified as risk factors for thermophilic <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> infections. Positive isolates to biochemical tests that indicated negative results on PCR indicates the additional value of PCR for definitive diagnosis of <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00926.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,30]],"date-time":"2006-03-30T13:13:53Z","timestamp":1143724433000},"page":"116-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Prevalence of Thermophilic <i>Campylobacter<\/i> Infections in Humans, Chickens and Crows in Morogoro, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"R. H.","family":"Mdegela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. E.","family":"Nonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. A.","family":"Ngowi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. R.","family":"Kazwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"Correlation between human and animal bio\u2010serogroups of Campylobacter isolates in Nigeria","volume":"93","author":"Adegbola R. A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1591163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0501.990104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Tropical Disease Research, Progress 1999\u20132000: Fifteenth Program Report of the UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR\/GEN\/01.5)","author":"Anon","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268896007315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513780"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.19.2.169-171.1984","article-title":"Blood free selective medium for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from faeces","volume":"19","author":"Bolton F. J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91297-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0803.010233"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","volume-title":"Epi Info 6 version 6.04. A Word Processing, Database and Statistical Program for Public Health","author":"Coulombier D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.14-23.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Risk factors for sporadic campylobacter infection in the United States: A case control study in foodnet sites","volume":"238","author":"Friedman R. C.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-49.11.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Campylobacter jejuni: Current Status and Feature Trends","author":"Goossens H.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-24.3.467"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800052122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Epidemiology of thermophilic Campylobacter species in apparently healthy domestic ducks kept as free range without veterinary inputs in Morogoro municipality","volume":"17","author":"Jiwa S. F. H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tanzania Vet. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800068205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(92)90032-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2175\/106143097X125182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"582","article-title":"Integrated management of childhood illness: a summary of first experiences","volume":"77","author":"Lambrechts T.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549509047073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.15.1.53-57.1982","article-title":"Comparison of atmospheres of incubation for primary isolation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni from animal species: 5% oxygen versus candle jar","volume":"15","author":"Luechtefeld N. W.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(01)00537-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.31.6.1531-1536.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Campylobacter","author":"Newell D.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Identification methods for Campylobacters, Helicobacters and related organisms","volume":"9","author":"On S. L. W.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Microbiol. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01349.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.330-336.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00378-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"The occurrence of Campylobacter fetus subsp.jejuni and Salmonella bacteria in some wild birds","volume":"33","author":"Rosef O.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nord. Vet. Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2004.129.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Campylobacter in village chickens in Selangor, Malaysia, prevalence and biotypes","volume":"8","author":"Saleha A. A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Vet. Malaysia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19980004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","unstructured":"Sandberg M. 2002:Epidemiological aspects to be considered forSalmonellaandCampylobacterrisk assessments in Norway.PhD thesis Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Department of Pharmacology Microbiology and Food Hygiene and National Veterinary Institute Oslo.164pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.33.11.1122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Campylobacter jejuni: Current Status and Future Trends","author":"Skirrow M. B.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Taxonomy of Campylobacters, Arcobacter and Helicobacter: a review","volume":"276","author":"Vandamme P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Virol. Parasitol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.1996.0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1591142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Comparison of 23S polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplified fragment length polymorphism techniques as typing systems for thermophilic campylobacters","volume":"211","author":"Yolanda M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0450.2006.00926.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00926.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T06:14:56Z","timestamp":1696918496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00926.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,30]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00926.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2006.00926.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-1793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-1793","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,30]]}}}