{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T00:10:44Z","timestamp":1700352644290},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]],"date-time":"2011-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3300,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Zusammenfassung. <\/jats:bold> Der Nachweis von Antigenfaktoren der Kryptokokken mittels Faktorseren in der Objekttr\u00e4geragglutination unterst\u00fctzt die Art\u2010 und Variet\u00e4tendiagnose von <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans (Cr. n.)<\/jats:italic> und ist f\u00fcr die Infektionsquellenforschung wichtig. In Taubenzuchten Th\u00fcringens wurden ausschlie\u00dflich Serotyp\u2010D\u2010St\u00e4mme nachgewiesen. Damit besteht ein wesentlicher Unterschied zum Serotypspektrum von Isolaten menschlicher Herkunft Deutschlands, aber auch zu St\u00e4mmen aus Ziervogelzuchtbest\u00e4nden Th\u00fcringens, in denen Serotyp\u2010A\u2010St\u00e4mme wie bei humanen Erkrankungen vorherrschten.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Bei Verwendung verschiedener Primer im PCR\u2010Fingerprinting k\u00f6nnen einerseits <jats:italic>Cr.\u2010neoformans<\/jats:italic>\u2010Isolate den Serovaren A und D bzw. C und B und damit den Variet\u00e4ten <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans neoformans<\/jats:italic> bzw. <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans gattii<\/jats:italic> zugeordnet werden (Primer FM1), andererseits ist eine genetische Heterogenit\u00e4t der <jats:italic>Cr.\u2010neoformans<\/jats:italic>\u2010St\u00e4mme innerhalb der Serotypen A und D feststellbar (Primer 60\u201326). Diese genetische Heterogenit\u00e4t innerhalb der A\u2010 und D\u2010Serotypen ist ebenfalls mittels Fourier\u2010Transform\u2010Infrarot\u2010Spektroskopie festzustellen. Die Taubenst\u00e4mme vom D\u2010Serotyp von <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> konnten in 3, die Serotyp A\u2010Isolate von Zierv\u00f6geln in 2 verschiedene Fourier\u2010Transform\u2010Infrarot\u2010Clustergruppen eingeteilt werden. F\u00fcr die Infektionskettenermittlung menschlicher Erkrankungen ist nicht nur der Serotyp, sondern auch die Heterogenit\u00e4t der St\u00e4mme innerhalb eines Serotypes unbedingt zu ber\u00fccksichtigen.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Summary. <\/jats:bold> Detection of antigen factors of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> with factor sera in slide agglutination confirms diagnosis of species and varieties of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans (Cr. n).<\/jats:italic> This method is important in investigations of sources of infections. Serotype D strains of <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans<\/jats:italic> were detected in pigeon breedings from Thuringia exclusively. Because of that an essential difference exists in comparison to human isolates in Germany and strains from breeding stocks of companion birds in Thuringia where serotype A strains are predominant in pet birds and in human infections.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Using different primers in PCR fingerprinting <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans<\/jats:italic> isolates can be assigned to serotypes A, B, C and D and to varieties <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans neoformans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans gattii<\/jats:italic> (primer FM 1). On the other hand, genetic heterogeneity of <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans<\/jats:italic> strains is detectable within the serotypes A and D (primer 60\u201326). This genetic heterogeneity can be demonstrated in investigations by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, too. Isolated <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans<\/jats:italic> strains from pigeons (serotype D) could be divided into 3 and from pet birds (serotype A) into 2 different clusters by FTIR spectroscopy. It is important to take into account heterogeneity of strains within serotypes for determination of infection chains of human disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04772.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]],"date-time":"2011-04-14T10:39:34Z","timestamp":1302777574000},"page":"61-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Unter welchen Voraussetzungen sind <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> var. <i>neoformans<\/i>\u2010St\u00e4mme aus Vogelexkrementen als Ursache menschlicher Infektionen anzusehen?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Kielstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Hotzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schmalreck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Cryptococcus\u2010Arten \u2013 Erreger einer Zooanthroponose oder Sapronose","volume":"43","author":"Blaschke R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"333","article-title":"Verbreitung, Serovarzugeh\u00f6rigkeit und epidemiologisches Verhalten von Cryptococcus\u2010neoformans\u2010Isolaten aus Ziervogelzuchten","volume":"105","author":"Kielstein P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dtsch. Tier\u00e4rztl. Wschr."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"34","article-title":"Pathogenese, Immunologie und Epidemiologie der Cryptococcose","volume":"37","author":"M\u00fcller J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Nachweis von Cryptococcus neoformans bei Haus\u2010 und Sporttauben in Th\u00fcringen","volume":"43","author":"Kielstein P.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Cryptococcus spp. in Taubenkotproben aus Innsbruck","volume":"87","author":"Khaschabi D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Wien. Tier\u00e4rztl. Monatsschrift"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Fourier\u2010Transform\u2010Infrarot\u2010Spektroskopie, molekularbiologische Methoden und Antimykotika\u2010Empfindlichkeitsmuster zur Identifizierung und Differenzierung von Cryptococcus\u2010Spezies","volume":"43","author":"Schmalreck A.F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"Hotzel H.&Kielstein P.(2000)Cryptococcus neoformans. Molekularbiologische Nachweismethoden ausgew\u00e4hlter Zoonoseerreger. BgVV\u2010Heft 02\/2000 71\u201381."}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0507.2002.tb04772.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04772.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T14:24:59Z","timestamp":1700317499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04772.x"}},"subtitle":["Which are the conditions for <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> var. <i>neoformans<\/i>\u2010strains from avian excrements as a cause for human infections?"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04772.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04772.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}}}