{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T08:58:28Z","timestamp":1776589108874,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]],"date-time":"2004-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1102636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present survey in Austria, Germany and Switzerland continued the survey of cryptococcosis set up by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) in 1997. From 2000 to 2003 77 cases have been reported. An HIV infection is still the most important risk factor (68%). Young HIV+ women from ASIA contributed to the increase of cryptococcosis in females. A total of 129 clinical isolates of both surveys were genotyped by PCR fingerprinting to study the prevalence of different genotypes. The prevalence of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>grubii<\/jats:italic> (serotype A) with the genotypes VNA1 and VNA2 was higher in Germany and Austria (74.5%) than in Switzerland (52%), while in Switzerland the <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans<\/jats:italic> hybrids AD (26%) and <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>neoformans<\/jats:italic> (serotype D) (22%) were more prevalent compared with Germany and Austria (8 and 17.5% respectively). <jats:italic>Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:italic> isolates were studied by FT\u2010IR spectroscopy. DNA in the ITS region was sequenced to get further information about <jats:italic>Cr. neoformans<\/jats:italic> serotype AD strains and about the geographical origin of the <jats:italic>Cr. gattii<\/jats:italic> isolates. The ITS sequence of the serotype AD isolates of the genotypes VNAD1, VNAD2 and VNAD4 is usually identical to serotype A or serotype D respectively. In the three isolates of the genotype VNAD3 a genotype\u2010specific sequence pattern was detected. Two autochthonous infections due to <jats:italic>Cr. gattii<\/jats:italic> could indicate that the genotype VGIV with the ITS type \u2018Asia 2\u2019 might be endemic in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.01072.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]],"date-time":"2004-12-10T09:06:23Z","timestamp":1102669583000},"page":"455-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Follow\u2010up of epidemiological data of cryptococcosis in Austria, Germany and Switzerland with special focus on the characterization of clinical isolates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Tintelnot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lemmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Losert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Sch\u00e4r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_27_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113861"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.3.611"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_4_2","first-page":"S115","article-title":"Survey of cryptococcosis in Europe. The ECMM working group report [abstract WG\u201002]. Abstracts of the 6th Congress of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology, Barcelona 9\u201311 November 2000","volume":"17","author":"Viviani MA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.2001.00686.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.8.2200-2204.1998","article-title":"Genetic relationship between Crytococcus neoformans var. neoformans strains of serotypes A and D","volume":"36","author":"Franzot SP","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(00)80028-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-4-891"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1555045"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.838-840.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.7.1807-1814.1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.11501601273"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219780001411"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780310001624565"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.5.1253-1260.1996","article-title":"Concordance of clinical and environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii by random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis and PCR fingerprinting","volume":"34","author":"Sorrell TC","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002940050267"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-1-203"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_18_2","first-page":"345","article-title":"Geographic grouping of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting patterns and ITS sequence divergence","volume":"46","author":"Imai T","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_19_2","first-page":"525","article-title":"Improved diagnostic medium or separation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C)","volume":"15","author":"Kwon\u2010Chung KJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-280X.1998.00130.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2683(19990101)20:8<1790::AID-ELPS1790>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_22_2","first-page":"315","volume-title":"PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications","author":"White TJ","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2002.tb04543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.4.1599-1608.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00590.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017302"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_27_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"Meningitis durch Cryptococcus adeliensis bei einer Patientin mit akuter myeloischer Leuk\u00e4mie","volume":"46","author":"Rimek D","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.40.5.507.517","article-title":"Prospective survey of cryptococcosis: report from Italy","volume":"40","author":"FIMUA Cryptococcosis Network European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.1.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_31_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Cryptococcosis of the skin","volume":"40","author":"Kaben U","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_32_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Sequence analysis and ploidy determination of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans","volume":"10","author":"Cogliati M","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mycol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.11.3889-3894.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.s1.173.182","article-title":"Epidemiology: surveillance of fungal infections","volume":"38","author":"Ellis D","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.1.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92300-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_37_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in Italy. Note II. Environmental investigation related to an autochtonous clinical case in Apulia","volume":"7","author":"Montagna MT","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Mycol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_27_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.458-461.1998"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1439-0507.2004.01072.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.01072.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T11:57:24Z","timestamp":1693483044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.01072.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.01072.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.01072.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}