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After the Second World War, cryopreservation of semen facilitated distribution and AI was mainly performed for economic reasons, especially in dairy cattle industry. In humans however, AI was initially performed in cases of physiological and psychological sexual dysfunction, but later on also in cases of infertility caused by immunological problems. Currently, the most common indications for intra\u2010uterine insemination (IUI) in humans are unexplained infertility and male subfertility. In these cases, IUI is considered as the treatment of the first choice, before more invasive techniques such as<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) are used. In contrast with humans, the quantity and quality of semen produced by farm animals is much higher and permits dilution and production of several insemination doses per ejaculate. However, with the introduction of sex\u2010sorted semen in farm animals, the same problem of low\u2010quality semen as in humans has arisen. In cattle, pigs and horses, conventional insemination with low numbers of sex\u2010sorted spermatozoa results in a significant decrease in fertility. To improve the fertility rates with this semen, new insemination techniques have been developed in order to deposit spermatozoa closer to the site of fertilization. In sows and mares the advantage of utero\u2010tubal junction (UTJ) insemination has already been proven; however, in cattle it is still under investigation. 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