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Only very homogeneous blastocysts of excellent or good quality were considered from day 7 of culture (Group A) and day 7 after artificial insemination with frozen\u2010thawed from the same bull used for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (Group B). All embryos were individually cultured into a 50\u2003<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>l droplet of synthetic oviduct fluid medium with 10% fetal calf serum. After 24\u2010h culture both Group A (n\u2003=44) and B (n\u2003=\u200340) secreted &lt;54\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>. After 48\u2010, 72\u2010, 96\u2010 and 120\u2010h culture, Group A daily secreted 143\u2003\u00b1\u200324\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200319) vs 85\u2003\u00b1\u200312\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200321) for Group B (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.01), 491\u2003\u00b1\u2003128\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200329) vs 216\u2003\u00b1\u200337\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200323) (NS), 499\u2003\u00b1\u2003135\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200326) vs 353\u2003\u00b1\u200393\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200321) (NS), 559\u2003\u00b1\u2003136\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200322) vs 333\u2003\u00b1\u200375\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200320) (NS), respectively. Taken all together during 5\u2003days, Group A produced per embryo 1690\u2003\u00b1\u2003290\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200322) vs 982\u2003\u00b1\u2003182\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> (n\u2003=\u200320) for Group B (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). For all culture time there were sizable percentages of embryos that did not produce concentrations of IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> above a certain cut\u2010off level, and as such were not used to compute the means. In respect of the embryo quality whatever the groups after days 7\u201312 of culture, IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> secretions were 1815\u2003\u00b1\u2003453\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> (n\u2003=\u200310) for the embryos of excellent quality vs 1356\u2003\u00b1\u2003200\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> (n\u2003=\u200328) for those of good quality (NS) and 360\u2003\u00b1\u2003188\u2003p<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> (n\u2003=\u20034) (p\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) for embryos of fair quality. A positive relationship between IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> production and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> development of quality I embryos was observed, whatever the embryos origins and, the embryos completely produced <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> secreted more IFN\u2010<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> than the embryos produced <jats:italic>in vivo.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00732.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,5]],"date-time":"2006-09-05T14:12:42Z","timestamp":1157465562000},"page":"68-75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparative IFN\u2010<i>\u03c4<\/i> Secretion after Hatching by Bovine Blastocysts Derived <i>Ex Vivo<\/i> and Completely Produced <i>In 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