{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:26:55Z","timestamp":1788920815311,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,27]],"date-time":"2008-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1211846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Domestic Animals"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Contents<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study investigated daily sperm output and sperm morphology of fresh semen in eight Swedish Warmblood stallions aged 5\u20138\u2003years. They were used for artificial insemination, and their fertility during the breeding season of semen collection exceeded 60% per cycle. One ejaculate of semen was collected daily for 10 consecutive days from each stallion. The gel\u2010free volume was measured, and the sperm concentration was assessed with a B\u00fcrker chamber. The volume of gel\u2010free fraction was multiplied by the sperm concentration to give the total number of spermatozoa (TSN). Sperm morphology was examined in ejaculates collected on days 2, 5 and 10. An aliquot from each ejaculate was fixed in 1\u2003ml formol\u2013saline immediately after collection and examined under a phase\u2010contrast microscope (magnification 1000\u00d7) to assess morphological abnormalities. Furthermore smears were prepared and stained according to Williams (carbolfuchsin\u2013eosin) for a more detailed examination of the sperm heads under a light microscope (magnification 1000\u00d7). Analysis of variance was applied to data. Total spermatozoa number decreased progressively during the first 8\u2003days of collection, and daily sperm output (DSO) was calculated as mean TSN of collections on days 8\u201310, being 6.4\u2003\u00d7\u200310<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>spermatozoa. The overall percentages of morphologically normal spermatozoa in ejaculates collected on days 2, 5 and 10 were above 70%, being significantly lower in ejaculate 2 (68.6%) compared with ejaculates 5 and 10 (72.9% respectively 75.3%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2007.00985.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,28]],"date-time":"2008-05-28T03:18:44Z","timestamp":1211944724000},"page":"33-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Sperm Production and Sperm Morphology of Swedish Warmblood Stallions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Einarsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A\u2010M","family":"Dalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Lundeheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of age and frequency of ejaculation on sperm production and extragonadal sperm reserves in stallions","volume":"27","author":"Amann RP","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"518","article-title":"A study on the technique of hemocytometric determination of sperm motility and sperm concentration in bull semen","volume":"42","author":"Bane A","year":"1952","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"810","article-title":"Acrosomal abnormality associated with sterility in boar","volume":"1961","author":"Bane A","year":"1961","journal-title":"Proc 4th Int Congr Anim Reprod & AI, The Hague IV"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Some characteristics of common abnormal forms of spermatozoa in highly fertile stallions","volume":"32","author":"Bielanski W","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1956.tb00443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.197.03.389","article-title":"Determination of the relationship between sperm morphological classifications and fertility in stallions: 66 cases (1987\u20131988)","volume":"197","author":"Jasko DJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0531.2003.00418.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-45-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphologische Untersuchungen \u00fcber Ver\u00e4nderungen im Spermabild und in den Hoden bei Bullen mit vermindeter oder aufgehobener Fertilit\u00e4t. (Researches concerning morphologic changes in the semen picture and in the testicles of sterile and subfertile bulls)","volume":"19","author":"Lagerl\u00f6f N","year":"1934","journal-title":"Acta Path Microbiol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(97)00268-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00078-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.95.2469.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1010183"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The repeatability of seminal characteristics of stallions","volume":"32","author":"Pattie WA","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1975.405917x","article-title":"Reproductive physiology of the stallion. V. 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