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Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the association of<jats:italic>ESR2<\/jats:italic>polymorphism with sperm quality and boar fertility traits and to analyse the<jats:italic>ESR2<\/jats:italic>mRNA and protein expressions in boar reproductive tissues. DNA samples from 203 Pietrain (PI) and 100 Pietrain\u2003\u00d7\u2003Hampshire (PIHA) pigs with records of sperm quality [sperm concentration (SCON), motility (MOT), semen volume (VOL), plasma droplet rate (PDR) and abnormal spermatozoa rate (ASR)] and fertility [non\u2010return rate (NRR) and number of piglet born alive (NBA)] traits were available. A SNP in coding region of<jats:italic>ESR2<\/jats:italic>g.35547A&gt;G in exon 5 was associated with MOT and PDR in the PI and with SCON, VOL, MOT and PDR in PIHA population. For mRNA and protein expression study, a total of six boars were divided into two groups with group I (G\u2010I) and group II (G\u2010II) where G\u2010I characterized for relatively a better sperm quality according to the mean of two groups. mRNA expression was higher in brain and testis than that in all parts of epididymis. Both qRT\u2010PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the<jats:italic>ESR2<\/jats:italic>gene expression and protein expression were significantly higher in testis collected from G\u2010II compared with that of G\u2010I boars. Moreover, ESR2 protein localization in germ cell, Leydig and Sertoli cells, epithelial cells and spermatozoa was remarkable, which indicated the important role of<jats:italic>ESR2<\/jats:italic>in spermatogenesis process. These results might shed new light on the roles of<jats:italic>ESR2<\/jats:italic>in spermatogenesis as candidate for boar fertility, but still the lack of association across populations should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2011.01968.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]],"date-time":"2011-12-30T07:52:22Z","timestamp":1325231542000},"page":"782-790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Investigation on Association and Expression of<i>ESR2<\/i>as a Candidate Gene for Boar Sperm Quality and 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