{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:21:59Z","timestamp":1761128519355},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,10]],"date-time":"2006-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Pharma Physio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The effects of four individual ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd), two ginkgolides (A and B) and one flavonoid (quercetin) on CYP2C19\u2010dependent <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010mephenytoin 4\u00a2\u2010hydroxylation and CYP2D6\u2010mediated bufuralol 1\u00a2\u2010hydroxylation were evaluated in human liver microsomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Increasing concentrations of each test compound were added to microsomal incubation mixtures containing a well\u2010characterized marker substrate (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010mephenytoin for CYP2C19 or bufuralol for CYP2D6) to determine their IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values (compound concentration yielding 50% inhibition of a marker enzyme activity), which were estimated by graphical inspection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>For CYP2C19, the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values were 46, 46 and 62\u00a0mmol\/L for ginsenoside Rd, quercetin and ginsenoside Rb2, respectively, whereas only ginsenoside Rd had an IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of 57\u00a0mmol\/L for CYP2D6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The data suggest that the tested compounds are not likely to inhibit the metabolism of the concurrent use of a given drug whose primary route of elimination is through CYP2C19 or CYP2D6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2006.04445.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,10]],"date-time":"2006-08-10T09:54:15Z","timestamp":1155203655000},"page":"813-815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL GINSENOSIDES, GINKGOLIDES AND FLAVONOIDS ON CYP2C19 AND CYP2D6 ACTIVITY IN HUMAN LIVER MICROSOMES"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Nu","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010Guang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timi","family":"Edeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengyin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.3.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Analysis of hypericin and pseudohypericin content of commercially available St John's wort preparations","volume":"10","author":"Draves AH","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. 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