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Abundant investigations ranging from clinical and animal model studies to <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> analyses show that leptin plays a pivotal role in obesity\u2010related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hyperleptinaemia has been confirmed to be a predictor of acute cardiovascular events. However, some studies have shown that leptin has a cardioprotective effect in leptin\u2010deficient models. These data suggest the influences of leptin on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases are complex and not completely understood.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. In the present review, we summarize the major leptin signalling pathways, including Janus\u2010activated kinase\/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak\/STAT), mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010kinase (PI\u20103K) signalling pathways, and analyse the probable mechanisms of selective leptin resistance. We then provide a detailed review of the effects of leptin on the cardiovascular system, including sympathoactivation, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular cell proliferation, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, as well as fatty acid metabolism, all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (e.g. ischaemic heart disease). The central premise of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms by which leptin affects the cardiovascular function and provide insight into obesity\u2010related CVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2011.05619.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]],"date-time":"2011-09-29T15:53:46Z","timestamp":1317311626000},"page":"905-913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Leptin and cardiovascular diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Dong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc5001.101061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Intra\u2010abdominal obesity: An untreated risk factor for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"29","author":"Despres JP","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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