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An imbalanced autonomic nervous system with increased sympathetic tone and reduced vagal tone has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2.\u2002Experimental and clinical reports have demonstrated that vagal nerve activation is able to improve outcomes for multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia and hypertension.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3.\u2002In this paper, we mainly focus on the potential cardioprotective mechanisms of vagal nerve activation. Based on the knowledge gained from our experiments and other published reports, vagal activation results in cardioprotection is not only associated with heart rate, anti\u2010adrenergic effect but also related to anti\u2010inflammatory activity, regulation of cellular redox states and regulation of mitochondrial targets.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4.\u2002In conclusion, vagal nerve activation may be a promising new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2011.05644.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,12]],"date-time":"2011-11-12T00:23:28Z","timestamp":1321057408000},"page":"701-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Vagal nerve modulation: A promising new therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Mei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Jin","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-004-0137-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-010-9190-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"593","article-title":"Cardioprotection of ischemic postconditioning and pharmacological post\u2010treatment with adenosine or acetylcholine","volume":"59","author":"Zang WJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00291.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2009.05327.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00490.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2008.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.05.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.760405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-010-9222-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2005.00065.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-010-9209-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000105721.71640.DA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.873968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00423-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"311","article-title":"Different effects of acetylcholine on the action potential and force contraction in guinea pig atrial and ventricular myocardium","volume":"54","author":"Fang P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.16.2072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"7076","article-title":"Intravascular parasympathetic cardiac nerve stimulation prevents ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia","volume":"7","author":"Inagaki M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Conf. 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