{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T15:09:33Z","timestamp":1794236973210,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1601,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The relation of helminthic infestation to hepatolithiasis is a subject of dispute. This case\u2013control study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of helminthiasis in hepatolithiasis patients and to compare the clinicopathological features of hepatolithiasis between patients with and without helminthiasis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of ascariasis or clonorchiasis was evaluated using ELISA in 131 patients with hepatolithiasis who were treated at Show\u2010Chwan Memorial Hospital and 121 subjects who constituted a control group. The patients\u2019 detailed histories and medical charts were reviewed.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of positive immunodiagnosis of ascariasis and clonorchiasis was higher in patients with hepatolithiasis than in control subjects (33.6%, 44\/131 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 17.4%, 21\/121, odds ratio [OR]\u2003=\u20032.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2003=\u20031.28\u20134.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.005; and 6.9%, 9\/131 <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> 0.8%, 1\/121, OR\u2003=\u20038.85, 95% CI\u2003=\u20031.12\u2013188.69, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.02). Patients with helminthiasis rarely had concurrent gallbladder stones (26%, 12\/47 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 55%, 46\/84, OR\u2003=\u20030.28, 95% CI\u2003=\u20030.12\u20130.66, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.002). Prior to the diagnosis of hepatolithiasis in adulthood, most of the patients with helminthiasis tended to have a history of recurrent abdominal pain in their childhood and an asymptomatic \u2018lucid interval\u2019 during their teenage years (70.2%, 33\/47 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 39.3%, 33\/84, OR\u2003=\u20033.64, 95% CI\u2003=\u20031.59\u20138.42, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.0005). However, the prevalence of intrahepatic duct stricture (38.3%, 18\/47 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 40.5%, 34\/84, OR\u2003=\u20030.91, 95% CI\u2003=\u20030.41\u20132.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&gt;\u20030.05), secondary biliary cirrhosis (6.4%, 3\/47 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 3.6%, 3\/84, OR\u2003=\u20031.84, 95% CI\u2003=\u20030.28\u201312.03, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&gt;\u20030.05), cholangiocarcinoma (2.1%, 1\/47 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0%, 0\/84, OR\u2003=\u2003\u223c, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&gt;\u20030.05), and stone recurrence (54.8%, 24\/42 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 50.0%, 38\/76, OR\u2003=\u20031.33, 95% CI\u2003=\u20030.58\u20133.06, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&gt;\u20030.05) did not significantly increase.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Helminthiasis is a possible risk factor for hepatolithiasis, although it is unlikely to increase the incidence of complications, including bile duct stricture, secondary biliary cirrhosis, and cholangiocarcinoma. Patients with helminthiasis tend to have a history of an asymptomatic \u2018lucid interval\u2019 between the periods of recurrent abdominal pain in their childhood and the diagnosis of hepatolithiasis in their adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03523.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,6]],"date-time":"2004-12-06T12:10:22Z","timestamp":1102335022000},"page":"141-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Relation of hepatolithiasis to helminthic infestation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"MIN\u2010HO","family":"HUANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHIEN\u2010HUA","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHUAN\u2010MIN","family":"YEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JEE\u2010CHUN","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHI\u2010CHIEH","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YUNG\u2010HSIANG","family":"YEH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DER\u2010AUR","family":"CHOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SEN\u2010KOU","family":"YUEH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YU\u2010YEN","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHIU\u2010KUEI","family":"NIEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004217211"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1962.01300220033004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)81448-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80145-5","article-title":"Effects of diet on glucaric acid concentration in bile and the formation of calcium bilirubinate gallstones","volume":"72","author":"Matsushiro T","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18004821009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700860115"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"529","article-title":"Study on survey, immunodiagnosis and treatment of human clonorchiasis on southern Taiwan","volume":"84","author":"Chen ER","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. 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