{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T05:14:11Z","timestamp":1697433251289},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Aims:<\/jats:bold> Endotoxin has been proposed to participate in the development of hepatic encephalopathy. However, there is no published data concerning the effects of endotoxin neutralization on the degree of hepatic encephalopathy. The present study investigated the effect of chronic intraperitoneal injection of polymyxin B, a neutralizing antagonist of endotoxin, on hepatic encephalopathy in rats with thioacetamide (TAA)\u2010induced fulminant hepatic failure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats weighing 300\u2013350\u2003g were used. Fulminant hepatic failure was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (350\u2003mg\/kg\/day) for 3\u2003days. Two series of rats were designed to compare the effects of low dose (0.1\u2003mg) or high dose (0.2\u2003mg) intraperitoneal polymyxin B administration <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> normal saline (NS) on hepatic encephalopathy. The injection was twice daily started from 2\u2003days prior to TAA administration and lasted for 5\u2003days. Severity of encephalopathy was assessed by the counts of motor activity in an Opto\u2010Varimex animal activity meter. Plasma levels of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (an index of liver injury) were measured by Limulus assay and the ELISA method, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Neutralization of endotoxin by either low dose or high dose polymyxin B administration did not significantly alleviate the degree of hepatic encephalopathy, as represented by the counts of motor activities (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&gt;\u20030.05). Plasma levels of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 were comparable between rats treated with polymyxin B or NS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&gt;\u20030.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Our findings do not support the notion that endotoxin plays a major role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in rats with TAA\u2010induced fulminant hepatic failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03550.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T10:14:56Z","timestamp":1109240096000},"page":"450-455","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evidence against a role for endotoxin in the hepatic encephalopathy of rats with thioacetamide\u2010induced fulminant hepatic failure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"CHIEN\u2010TING","family":"CHEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CHI\u2010JEN","family":"CHU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TEH\u2010FANG","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"REI\u2010HWA","family":"LU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FA\u2010YAUH","family":"LEE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FULL\u2010YOUNG","family":"CHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HAN\u2010CHIEH","family":"LIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CHE\u2010CHANG","family":"CHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SUN\u2010SANG","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HUI\u2010CHUN","family":"HUANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SHOU\u2010DONG","family":"LEE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30639-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"38","author":"Sherlock S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv. 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