{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T03:28:46Z","timestamp":1768620526177,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,15]],"date-time":"2004-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1103068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are two autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology. Genetic factors appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Vitamin D has been shown to exert multiple immunomodulatory effects, which acts through its own receptor (VDR). Polymorphisms of <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic> had been implicated in several autoimmune diseases. In the present study, the association between Chinese patients with AIH, PBC and the polymorphisms in exon 2, intron 8 and exon 9 of vitamin D receptor genes was studied.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Four candidate gene loci were investigated in 49 patients with AIH, 58 patients with PBC, and 160 healthy controls. The VDR polymorphisms were assessed by FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI endonuclease digestion after specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The result show a significant difference in FokI polymorphism between AIH patients and controls (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u20035.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.019), and a significant association in BsmI polymorphisms between PBC patients and controls (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2003=\u20036.52, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.01). Furthermore the distribution of FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI gene types differered between Chinese healthy controls and Caucasian healthy controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> It is suggested that there is a genetic link of <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms to autoimmune liver dieseses such as AIH and PBC in Chinese patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which <jats:italic>VDR<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms contribute to the lose of immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u00a9 2004 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03532.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]],"date-time":"2005-01-28T14:40:17Z","timestamp":1106923217000},"page":"249-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Genetic association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis in the Chinese"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"LIEYING","family":"FAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"XIAOQING","family":"TU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YE","family":"ZHU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LIN","family":"ZHOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"THOMAS","family":"PFEIFFER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RALPH","family":"FELTENS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WINFRIED","family":"STOECKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RENQIAN","family":"ZHONG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80297-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/he.2000.5984"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250211"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"347","article-title":"Relationship between type I autoimmune hepatitis and alleles of HLA\u2010DRB1 in Chinese patients of Shanghai area","volume":"10","author":"Qiu de K","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70458-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510310110"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80097-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.4.615"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80213-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.3.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.9.4443"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","first-page":"1704S","article-title":"Immunosuppressive actions of 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D3: preferential inhibition of Th1 functions","volume":"125","author":"Lemire JM","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1050"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240490106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.5.740"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.45.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.4.695"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70423-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.375"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501750302967"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-2-2","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor initiation codon polymorphism influences genetic susceptibility to type I diabetes mellitus in the Japanese population","volume":"2","author":"Ban Y","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00112-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30084"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2001.00233.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2001.16.2.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Autoimmune Liver Diseases","author":"Pasha TM","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10340"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.15.6665"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7239"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.5.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.19.10483"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.5.740"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00483-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1746.2005.03532.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03532.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T03:16:11Z","timestamp":1697339771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03532.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03532.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03532.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}