{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T22:24:58Z","timestamp":1749853498286},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,13]],"date-time":"2006-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1150156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Candida sp<\/jats:italic> are frequently isolated from the ascitic fluid of patients with perforated ulcers. The present study was performed to examine whether <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> infection may be involved in the process of ulcer perforation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Male Wistar rats were divided into a saline group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200315) and a <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200317). Cysteamine\u2010HCl (Sigma; 31\u2003mg\/100\u2003g) was administered thrice on day 1 to both groups of animals. <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> at a density of 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> in 0.5\u2003mL of saline was administered 1\u2003h before, and 12\u2003h and 24\u2003h after the first administration of cysteamine in the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Perforated duodenal ulcers were observed in 94.1% of the rats in the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> group, but only 26.7% of the rats in the saline group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). The area of the duodenal ulcers in the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> group was 40.89\u2003\u00b1\u200333.07\u2003mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, whereas that in the saline group was 16.53\u2003\u00b1\u200320.4\u2003mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> group than in the saline group. In the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> group, colonization by <jats:italic>C.\u2003albicans<\/jats:italic> was recognized at the ulcer base, surrounded by marked granulocytic infiltration. The number of eosinophils infiltrating the ulcer base was also significantly greater in the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> group than in the saline group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of secretory aspartyl protease (SAP) in the region of the ulcer showing colonization by <jats:italic>C.\u2003albicans<\/jats:italic> in the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> aggravates duodenal ulcer perforation in the experimental model of cysteamine\u2010induced duodenal ulcer perforation. The present findings suggest that SAP and host\u2013parasite relationships, including granulocyte\u2010dependent mechanisms, may be involved in the aggravation of ulcer perforation by <jats:italic>C.\u2003albicans.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04353.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,13]],"date-time":"2006-06-13T12:07:22Z","timestamp":1150200442000},"page":"749-756","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>Candida albicans<\/i> aggravates duodenal ulcer perforation induced by administration of cysteamine in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Kameyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Wakabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihide","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motohide","family":"Shimazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeyuki","family":"Kawachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Kumai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiro","family":"Saikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuko","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Kitajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480206800415","article-title":"Outcomes from peptic ulcer surgery have not benefited from advances in medical therapy","volume":"68","author":"Towfigh S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. 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