{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:52:55Z","timestamp":1775890375356,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,18]],"date-time":"2006-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopic ultrasound\u2010guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS\u2010FNA) is currently performed on a routine basis at many endoscopic centers and it is evident that this procedure has a major impact on the therapeutic management of patients by obtaining a definite tissue diagnosis from lesions outlined by endosonography. The reported yield of EUS\u2010FNA is about 90\u201395%, with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 100%, respectively. Moreover, even minute lesions down to a size of 5\u2003mm may be imaged and consequently biopsied. This Review describes the technique of EUS\u2010FNA in detail, based on a literature review and the authors\u2019 extensive experience with this method. The endoscopes and needle systems available on the market are presented in detail. The biopsy procedure is carefully explained, as well as the preparation of the cytology smears. Finally, the limitations and complications of the procedure are reviewed in brief, stressing the low rate of complications (below 1\u20132%), most of them being minor and self\u2010limiting. Currently endosonography has strengthened its position as a diagnostic and staging method, especially after establishing the method of FNA biopsy. Thus, EUS\u2010FNA is very useful to establish an initial tissue diagnosis of malignancy, but also to accurately stage the patients preoperatively, influencing the decision\u2010making process and reducing the morbidity and mortality that accompanies inappropriate surgical interventions in patients with advanced cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04475.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,18]],"date-time":"2006-09-18T09:17:26Z","timestamp":1158571046000},"page":"1646-1655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Endoscopic ultrasound\u2010guided fine needle aspiration biopsy: Equipment and technique"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Vilmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"S\u0103ftoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91122-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(92)70385-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-14966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00444-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","unstructured":"VilmannP.Endoscopic ultrasonography with curved array transducer in diagnosis of cancer in and adjacent to the upper gastrointestinal tract. Scanning and guided fine needle aspiration biopsy[Dissertation]. Copenhagen: Munksgaard 1998. ISBN 87\u201016\u201011992\u20104."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2005.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1010389"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(94)70167-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(94)70112-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1005657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(95)70343-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.5.720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-14970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2003.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-814316"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Utility of endoscopic ultrasound for the diagnosis and treatment of submucosal tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract","volume":"12","author":"S\u00e3ftoiu A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rom. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.2004.00454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(00)70416-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(02)70083-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.10349"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1001416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.120323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and MIB\u20101 in tissue specimens obtained from endoscopic ultrasonography\u2010guided fine\u2010needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses","volume":"13","author":"Itoi T","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.112841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.2.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05980.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)02224-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-005-1577-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70164-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.112839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)02393-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(97)70266-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.111391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01891-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.108966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2003.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)02707-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-41583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)00009-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-826085"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00618-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(02)70361-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.08666.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01714-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)00340-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(03)02009-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(00)70416-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.3004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2006.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/MFRFJ0XYJLN8NVDP"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1999-125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.117764"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2005.05.014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1746.2006.04475.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04475.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T05:04:38Z","timestamp":1697346278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04475.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,18]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04475.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04475.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0815-9319","1440-1746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0815-9319","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1746","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-09-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}