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Although there is no current evidence that anti\u2010TNF therapy influences the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the involvement of TNF in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury and extrapolation from other clinical situations heighten awareness of a potential conflict. Preventive strategies should be mandatory. These include screening of all patients for HBV and HCV infection prior to commencement of anti\u2010TNF therapy, and active monitoring of aminotransferases and, for HBV, viral load during and for 3\u2003months after therapy has terminated. Prophylactic or early intervention strategies with nucleoside analogs are recommended for patients with evidence of HBV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04559.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,21]],"date-time":"2010-07-21T12:54:37Z","timestamp":1279716877000},"page":"1366-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Hepatitis B and C virus infections and anti\u2010tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 therapy: Guidelines for clinical approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Debbie M","family":"Nathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter W","family":"Angus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter R","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80403-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1373.2000.22335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.4.2469-2476.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.22461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.00808.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9071(200011)62:3<299::AID-JMV1>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19961115)78:10<2210::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/8.suppl_1.S107","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus carriers in the treatment of malignant lymphoma: an epidemiological study in Japan","volume":"8","author":"Kumagai K","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. 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