{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T22:35:15Z","timestamp":1719959715369},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]],"date-time":"2008-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Hepatitis A virus (HAV) superinfection is associated with a high risk of liver failure and death in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of serological and molecular HAV markers in a population of HCV\u2010infected patients in order to determine a cost\u2010effective strategy to vaccinate against HAV.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The presence of total and immunoglobulin (Ig)M anti\u2010HAV antibodies was investigated in 399 patients (median age, 50\u2003years; range, 4\u201381) referred to the Public Health Central Laboratory of Pernambuco State who tested positive for anti\u2010HCV antibodies and HCV RNA. HAV RNA was investigated by reverse transcription\u2010nested polymerase chain reaction in these patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Three hundred and eighty\u2010four (96%) patients were positive for anti\u2010HAV total and negative for IgM anti\u2010HAV antibodies (immune patients). Three patients had IgM (and total) anti\u2010HAV antibodies, showing an acute infection, and two of them had HAV RNA detected in serum samples. HAV RNA was also found in another patient in the absence of detectable anti\u2010HAV antibodies. By nucleotide sequencing, it was demonstrated that the HAV isolates infecting these patients belonged to subgenotype 1B.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study provides valuable new data on anti\u2010HAV prevalence among HCV carriers in Brazil. In the present study, we found a high proportion of patients with anti\u2010HAV positivity, indicating that anti\u2010HAV testing of HCV\u2010infected patients is a cost\u2010effective strategy and should be carried out before vaccination against HAV in these patients, particularly in regions such as our geographical area with high total anti\u2010HAV prevalence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05575.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,22]],"date-time":"2009-01-22T14:56:06Z","timestamp":1232636166000},"page":"238-242","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Should Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection be vaccinated against hepatitis A virus?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Livia M","family":"Villar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria MM","family":"De Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabelle A","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adilson J","family":"De Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Lampe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana MC","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000300004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2004001200003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000400010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761998000100001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000200001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822000000100001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270336"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404264"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2000.00019.x"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization practices: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"45","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1996","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"55","author":"Centers of Disease control and Prevention","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260701"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Vaccination against hepatitis A and B in chronic liver disease","volume":"5","author":"Keeffe EB.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Viral Hepat. 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