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Post\u2010infectious IBS (PI\u2010IBS), defined as acute onset IBS (by Rome criteria) after gastrointestinal infection in an individual without prior IBS with two or more of the followings: fever, vomiting, diarrhea, a positive stool culture. The recent and old literature of PI\u2010IBS will be reviewed. Future directions for research will be presented.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Literature on PI\u2010IBS was reviewed by electronic search and cross references of these papers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Interest in studies on PI\u2010IBS, which was described five to six decades ago, re\u2010surfaced recently. 3.6 to 32% patients with acute gastroenteritis develop PI\u2010IBS during 3\u201312 month follow\u2010up. PI\u2010IBS is commonly diarrhea predominant. Factors implicated in development include nature of pathogens, duration and severity of diarrhea, younger age, female gender and psychological co\u2010morbidities like anxiety and depression. The pathogenesis of PI\u2010IBS is largely related to continuing gut inflammation due to inability of the host to contain the inflammatory reaction, altered gut microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, muscle hyper\u2010contractility and visceral hypersensitivity. There could be an overlap between PI\u2010IBS and post\u2010infectious malabsorption syndrome (PI\u2010MAS), popularly known as tropical sprue.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Development of IBS in a subset of patients with acute gastroenteritis is uncontested. This is expected to open a paradigm shift in understanding the pathogenesis of IBS. Future studies should address the issue of overlap of PI\u2010IBS and PI\u2010MAS. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of PI\u2010IBS may help to design preventive and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06643.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,29]],"date-time":"2011-03-29T00:49:07Z","timestamp":1301359747000},"page":"94-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Post\u2010infectious irritable bowel syndrome: The past, the present and the future"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Uday C","family":"Ghoshal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabhat","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05984.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06133.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000268126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000103893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00159-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000268121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4650.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","first-page":"307","article-title":"The irritable colon syndrome. 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