{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T12:59:56Z","timestamp":1774789196206,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,20]],"date-time":"2011-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Gene silence of IRX1 tumor suppressor by promoter CpG methylation combined with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has been identified in human gastric cancer. This study investigated the association between methylation of IRX1 and <jats:italic>Helicobacter\u2003pylori<\/jats:italic> infection in gastric mucosa tissues and cell line.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> IRX1 methylation was studied by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and bisulfate sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP) methods in gastric mucosa tissues from <jats:italic>H.\u2003pylori<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive chronic gastritis patients or <jats:italic>H.\u2003pylori\u2010<\/jats:italic>negative chronic gastritis patients. Promoter activity, methylation status and gene expressing level of IRX1 were evaluated by persistent infecting <jats:italic>H.\u2003pylori<\/jats:italic> on human gastric cells GES\u20101 <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic> Electron microscopy was used to observe the effect of <jats:italic>H.\u2003pylori<\/jats:italic> infection on GES\u20101 gastric mucosa cells.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> The methylation level of IRX1 promoter in <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> positive chronic gastritis and <jats:italic>H.\u2003pylori<\/jats:italic> negative chronic gastritis was 55.30%\u2003\u00b1\u200313.17 versus 5.20%\u2003\u00b1\u20036.31, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01). <jats:italic>H.\u2003pylori<\/jats:italic> infection stimulated increased microvillus, and mucous secretion on GES\u20101 cells. Infection of <jats:italic>H.\u2003pylori<\/jats:italic> induced IRX1 promoter methylation and downregulation of the promoter activity as well as gene expression significantly.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> This study firstly demonstrated that <jats:italic>H.\u2003pylori<\/jats:italic> infection contributes to IRX1 promoter methylation on gastric mucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06808.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,7]],"date-time":"2011-06-07T13:18:01Z","timestamp":1307452681000},"page":"1685-1690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Helicobacter\u2003<i>pylori<\/i> induces promoter hypermethylation and downregulates gene expression of IRX1 transcription factor on human gastric mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiao Bo","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiao Ming","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Ling","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia Nian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qu","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qin Long","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing Ya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng Gang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying Yan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"S37","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Correa P","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. 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