{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:09:42Z","timestamp":1764936582851},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Gastro and Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Aim:\u2002<\/jats:bold> There are insufficient data on renal safety during long\u2010term adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment. We aimed to elucidate the incidence and risk factors of renal impairment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with ADV.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2002<\/jats:bold> We retrospectively enrolled 687 CHB patients (51.4% with compensated cirrhosis) treated with ADV alone (18.2%) or in combination with lamivudine (81.8%) for more than 12\u2003months. Renal function was measured using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and renal dysfunction was defined as mild (20\u201330% decrease), moderate (30\u201350%), or severe (more than 50%).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2002<\/jats:bold> During the median treatment duration of 27\u2003months, 72 patients (10.5%) developed renal impairment, which was mild in 77.8% of cases, moderate in 20.8% of cases, and severe in one patient. The cumulative incidence of renal impairment at 1, 3, and 5\u2003years was 2.6%, 14.8%, and 34.7%, respectively. Modification of the dosing interval or discontinuation of ADV was required in seven and three patients, respectively, and none of them showed a further decline in the eGFR. Although a univariate analysis revealed age, the number of exposure to radio\u2010contrast dye, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma as risk factors of renal impairment, age was the only significant risk factor identified in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio\u2003=\u20031.048, 95% confidence interval\u2003=\u20031.019\u20131.076, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:bold> Renal impairment in long\u2010term ADV users was relatively frequent, but serious renal toxicity was rare, and all cases were safely managed. Careful monitoring of renal function is required, especially in older patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06852.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]],"date-time":"2011-07-20T12:22:31Z","timestamp":1311164551000},"page":"306-312","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Frequency and risk factors of renal impairment during long\u2010term adefovir dipivoxil treatment in chronic hepatitis B patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yu Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Chin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Sinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geum\u2010Youn","family":"Gwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moon Seok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang Cheol","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Woon","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung Chul","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joon Hyeok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2004.00364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00866.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22414"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06381.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"S1","article-title":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification","volume":"39","author":"National Kidney Foundation","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. 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