{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T06:31:00Z","timestamp":1763533860840},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]],"date-time":"2012-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Paediatrics Child Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2003<\/jats:bold> To investigate prevalence, time trends and factors associated with rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis not related to acute infections in New Zealand.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2003<\/jats:bold> The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) surveyed children aged 6\u20137 and 13\u201314\u2003years for symptoms of these conditions. Five New Zealand centres were surveyed on two occasions (Phase One and Phase Three) 8\u201310\u2003years apart. In Phase Three, questions were included on environmental factors, which might be associated with rhinoconjunctivitis. We report findings related to symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis among 24\u2003190 New Zealand children.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2003<\/jats:bold> Symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis in the past year were reported in 11.4% of 6\u2010 to 7\u2010year\u2010old children and 18% of 13\u2010 to 14\u2010year\u2010old adolescents in Phase Three compared with 9.5 and 19.1%, respectively, in Phase One. Severe symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis were reported in 0.5% of children and 0.8% of adolescents. Current symptoms were more common in males at 6\u20137\u2003years and in females of 13\u201314\u2003years, and M\u0101ori and Pacific Island ethnic groups had higher prevalence compared with those of European descent, especially in the older age group. For immigrant children, there was a very strong positive relationship between symptoms and length of time resident in New Zealand, supporting the probable importance of environmental factors. A positive association was found between symptoms and use of paracetamol in infancy or in the last year, and weaker associations were noted for antibiotic use, exercise, and regular pasta ingestion.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:\u2003<\/jats:bold> Further study of environmental factors is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02518.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]],"date-time":"2012-08-17T04:45:13Z","timestamp":1345178713000},"page":"913-920","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Time trends and risk factors for rhinoconjunctivitis in New Zealand children: An International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Chris D","family":"Moyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadd","family":"Clayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M Innes","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippa","family":"Ellwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Pattemore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alistair W","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2007.28.2934"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1808-86942009000500005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112262","article-title":"The health economics of asthma and rhinitis. 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