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The levels of IL\u201018 and TGF\u2010\u03b21 were significantly elevated in patients with AD and VaD compared to non\u2010demented, age\u2010matched subjects. We found an inverse correlation between the levels of IL\u201018 and TGF\u2010\u03b21 in AD patients. In VaD patients, the correlation between IL\u201018 and TGF\u2010\u03b21 reached a borderline positive value. Whereas, in the non\u2010demented, age\u2010matched subjects, a positive correlation between IL\u201018 and TGF\u2010\u03b21 levels was observed. These findings indicate that IL\u201018 and TGF\u2010\u03b21 elevation is associated with AD and VaD patients, confirming that the immune system might exert a remarkable role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, as different modifications were detected in the patients affected by AD and VaD, we propose that IL\u201018 and TGF\u2010 \u03b21 plasma levels might represent possible differential biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2006.00701.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T09:22:17Z","timestamp":1153387337000},"page":"307-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Interleukin\u201018 and transforming growth factor\u2010beta\u20031 plasma levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Malaguarnera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelino","family":"Di 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