{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T08:51:26Z","timestamp":1784191886982,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,28]],"date-time":"2011-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT:<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim:\u2003<\/jats:bold>  <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (SP\u2010HUS) is a major concern of paediatric acute renal failure in Taiwan; it leads to significant morbidity and mortality during the acute phase and to long\u2010term morbidity after an acute episode.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:\u2003<\/jats:bold> Twenty children diagnosed with HUS between 1 May 1995, and 31 December 2008 was enrolled. Clinical variables related to laboratory data, organ involved, and outcomes were examined between patients with and without SP\u2010HUS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:\u2003<\/jats:bold> Thirteen of the 20 (13\/20, 65%) patients required dialysis, nine (9\/20, 45.0%) developed hepatic dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), gastrointestinal bleeding, and hypertension, respectively. They were the second most common extrarenal complication except empyema (11\/20, 55%). Two (10%) died and seven (35%) of the survivors developed long\u2010term renal morbidity. Twelve of the 20 patients (60%) were diagnosed with SP\u2010HUS. Younger age, female children, higher white blood cell count, higher alanine transaminase, higher lactate dehydrogenase and high incidence of DIC were significantly common in SP\u2010HUS cases. All SP\u2010HUS cases were complicated with pleural effusion, empyema, or both. Positive Thomsen\u2010Freidenreich antigen (T\u2010Ag) activation was 83% sensitive and 100% specific for SP\u2010HUS, and a positive direct Coombs' test was 58% sensitive and 100% specific.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:\u2003<\/jats:bold> Invasive pneumococcal infection is the most common cause of HUS in Taiwan. Positive T\u2010Ag activation and a direct Coombs' test are rapid predictors of SP\u2010HUS in children with invasive pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2011.01500.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,21]],"date-time":"2011-07-21T01:55:20Z","timestamp":1311213320000},"page":"48-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Invasive pneumococcal pneumonia is the major cause of paediatric haemolytic\u2010uraemic syndrome in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"CHING\u2010SUNG","family":"LEE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MEI\u2010JU","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YEE\u2010HSUAN","family":"CHIOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHING\u2010FEN","family":"SHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHAN\u2010YAO","family":"WU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YUAN\u2010YOW","family":"CHIOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)31839-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00857676"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-001-0153-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1121-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"580","article-title":"Tacrolimus\u2010associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: A case analysis","volume":"16","author":"Lin CC","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0826-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)40096-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae\u2010induced haemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"8","author":"McTaggart SJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15513819009064722"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00852894"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Case definitions for infectious conditions under national public health surveillance","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0964-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Review and response of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection","volume":"27","author":"Tsou TP","year":"2011","journal-title":"Taiwan Epidemiol. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"348","article-title":"Pneumococcal pneumonia with empyema and hemolytic uremic syndrome in children: Report of three cases","volume":"39","author":"Lee CF","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Pneumococcal meningitis complicated with hemolytic uremic syndrome: Report of two cases","volume":"39","author":"Huang FY","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000223494.83542.ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-009-1039-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.2.371"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2003\/219027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0518-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00868713"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000045396"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000187032.38556.b3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.4.699"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.03.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.091"}],"container-title":["Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1797.2011.01500.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2011.01500.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T11:57:09Z","timestamp":1697284629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2011.01500.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2011.01500.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2011.01500.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1320-5358","1440-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1320-5358","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-12-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}