{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:46:44Z","timestamp":1791424004250,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,30]],"date-time":"2005-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract\u2003<\/jats:bold> Major depressive disorder (MDD) with racing\/crowded thoughts is understudied. Kraepelin classified \u2018depression with flight of ideas\u2019 in the mixed states of his manic\u2010depressive insanity. The aim of the study was to test whether MDD with racing\/crowded thoughts was close to bipolar disorders. Consecutive 379 bipolar\u2010II disorder (BP\u2010II) and 271 MDD depressed outpatients were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV, the Hypomania Interview Guide, and the Family History Screen, by a senior psychiatrist in a private practice. Intra\u2010depression hypomanic symptoms were systematically assessed. Mixed depression was defined as a major depressive episode (MDE) plus three or more intra\u2010MDE hypomanic symptoms. MDD with racing\/crowded thoughts was compared to MDD without racing\/crowded thoughts on classic bipolar validators (young onset age, many recurrences, atypical and mixed depression, bipolar family history). Frequency of MDD with racing\/crowded thoughts was 56.4%. MDD with racing\/crowded thoughts, versus MDD without racing\/crowded thoughts, had significantly lower age at onset, more MDE severity, more psychotic, melancholic, atypical, and mixed depressions, and more bipolar family history. Of the intra\u2010MDE hypomanic symptoms, irritability, psychomotor agitation and distractibility were significantly more common in MDD with racing\/crowded thoughts. Compared to BP\u2010II on bipolar validators, validators were less common in MDD with racing\/crowded thoughts. MDD with racing\/crowded thoughts seemed to be a severe variant of MDD. MDD with racing\/crowded thoughts versus MDD without racing\/crowded thoughts, and versus BP\u2010II, had significant differences on bipolar validators, suggesting that it may lie along a continuum linking MDD without racing\/crowded thoughts and BP\u2010II.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2005.01416.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,30]],"date-time":"2005-09-30T08:55:44Z","timestamp":1128070544000},"page":"570-575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Unipolar depression with racing thoughts: A bipolar spectrum disorder?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"FRANCO","family":"BENAZZI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-192104000-00057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1966.tb11009.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The etiology and nosology of endogenous depressive psychoses","volume":"2","author":"Angst J","year":"1973","journal-title":"Foreign Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","volume-title":"Manic\u2010Depressive Illness","author":"Winokur G","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00390-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.126.7.983"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810220085011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00330-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00327-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70093-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(00)90142-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I Disorders\u2010Clinician Version (SCID\u2010CV)","author":"First MB","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70095-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","volume-title":"Hypomania Interview Guide (Including Hyperthymia). 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